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EFFECT OF ACIDITY, BASICITY, HETEROGENEOUS CaO/SILICA GEL CATALYST FROM BIOMASS WASTE ON BIODIESEL YIELD FROM CRUDE PALM OIL

al Kimiya: Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan · Vol. 11 No. 2 (2024) · hlm. 122–131

DOI
10.15575/ak.v11i2.39301
ISSN
2407-1927, 2407-1897
Terbit
2024-12-30
Penerbit
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung
Bahasa
eng

Abstrak

The global energy sector has been dominated by non-renewable fossil fuels, prompting many countries to invest in renewable energy sources such as biodiesel. Crude palm oil (CPO), as a biodiesel feedstock, has a high FFA content, which can cause saponification reactions. This can reduce the quality of biodiesel if only CaO catalyst is used. Therefore, acid catalysts such as silica gel are needed to overcome this problem. Silica gel can also improve the stability, reactivity, and effectiveness of CaO catalyst in biodiesel production. This study aims to synthesize and characterize the heterogeneous CaO/silica gel catalyst obtained from biomass waste, and evaluate its activity in the conversion of CPO into biodiesel. The CaO/silica gel hybrid catalyst was prepared by wet impregnation method with varying percentage of silica gel (5%, 10%, and 15%), which was synthesized from coconut husk using sol-gel method, and mixed with CaO from calcination of blood clam shells at 900°C for 5 hours. The basicity characterized using the acid-base titration method, while the acidity was analyzed using pyridine adsorption method with FTIR, and the surface area was analyzed by BET method. The results showed that the synthesis of CaO/silica gel was successful, with confirmation of FTIR data at specific wavelengths. The addition of silica gel increased the acidity and surface area and decreased the basicity of CaO catalyst, with 10% CaO/silica gel showing optimal acidity and surface area. Testing the catalyst activity in the reaction of biodiesel formation from CPO produced the highest biodiesel yield of 96.71% using CaO/silica gel 10%. The conclusion of this study is that biomass waste-based heterogeneous catalysts have high potential for biodiesel production, which is influenced by their acidity and surface basicity, and offer a low-cost and environmentally friendly solution.

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  • Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang
  • Universitas Halu Oleo
  • National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia
  • Universitas Airlangga
  • Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro
  • Universitas DIPA Makassar
  • State University of Makassar
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Sri Yuliani MAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Muhira Dzar FarabyPoliteknik Negeri Ujung Pandang1
Nur HidayahPoliteknik Negeri Ujung Pandang1
Muh. AhyarPoliteknik Negeri Ujung Pandang1
Asriyadi AsriyadiPoliteknik Negeri Ujung Pandang1
Yuniarti YuniartiPoliteknik Negeri Ujung Pandang1
Mustika MustikaUniversitas Muhammadiyah Metro1
Asmah AkhrianaUniversitas DIPA Makassar1
Mukhlisin MukhlisinState University of Makassar1
Nur ArafahUniversitas Halu Oleo1
Amar MarufAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Arvyaty ArvyatyAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Rahmi ApriliaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Hamdiansah HamdiansahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Muhammad Agung Triyudha AgustinaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Muthiah Aini RahmiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Alma Cantika AristiaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Fahriza Dwi IndahyatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Miftachur RobaniAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Amiul IchsanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Chashif SyadzaliAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Sarah MutiaraBandung Institute of Technology1
Muhammad DarwisAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Andi AryanaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Kusmuriyanto KusmuriyantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Harjono HarjonoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Kusoro SiadiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ramli RamliUniversitas Halu Oleo1
Vina UctuviaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Asma LuthfiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Hartati Sulistyo RiniAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Afriani AfrianiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Agus SalimAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Fitri Pratama Ayu MarpaungAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Elly KesumawatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Agus SupriyantoUniversitas Airlangga1
Sihono SihonoNational Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/ak/oai, pertama di-harvest 7 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">EFFECT OF ACIDITY, BASICITY, HETEROGENEOUS CaO/SILICA GEL CATALYST FROM BIOMASS WASTE ON BIODIESEL YIELD FROM CRUDE PALM OIL</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Mulyani, Yenni</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Nurhayati, Nurhayati</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Awaluddin, Amir</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Calcium oxide</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">silica gel</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">blood clam shell</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">coconut husk</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">acidity</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">basicity</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">biodiesel</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">The global energy sector has been dominated by non-renewable fossil fuels, prompting many countries to invest in renewable energy sources such as biodiesel. Crude palm oil (CPO), as a biodiesel feedstock, has a high FFA content, which can cause saponification reactions. This can reduce the quality of biodiesel if only CaO catalyst is used. Therefore, acid catalysts such as silica gel are needed to overcome this problem. Silica gel can also improve the stability, reactivity, and effectiveness of CaO catalyst in biodiesel production. This study aims to synthesize and characterize the heterogeneous CaO/silica gel catalyst obtained from biomass waste, and evaluate its activity in the conversion of CPO into biodiesel. The CaO/silica gel hybrid catalyst was prepared by wet impregnation method with varying percentage of silica gel (5%, 10%, and 15%), which was synthesized from coconut husk using sol-gel method, and mixed with CaO from calcination of blood clam shells at 900°C for 5 hours. The basicity characterized using the acid-base titration method, while the acidity was analyzed using pyridine adsorption method with FTIR, and the surface area was analyzed by BET method. The results showed that the synthesis of CaO/silica gel was successful, with confirmation of FTIR data at specific wavelengths. The addition of silica gel increased the acidity and surface area and decreased the basicity of CaO catalyst, with 10% CaO/silica gel showing optimal acidity and surface area. Testing the catalyst activity in the reaction of biodiesel formation from CPO produced the highest biodiesel yield of 96.71% using CaO/silica gel 10%. The conclusion of this study is that biomass waste-based heterogeneous catalysts have high potential for biodiesel production, which is influenced by their acidity and surface basicity, and offer a low-cost and environmentally friendly solution.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2024-12-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/ak/article/view/39301</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15575/ak.v11i2.39301</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">al Kimiya: Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan; Vol. 11 No. 2 (2024): al Kimiya: Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan; 122-131</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2407-1927</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2407-1897</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15575/ak.v11i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/ak/article/view/39301/12490</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2025 Yenni Mulyani</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>