Tuning feature selection to enhance machine learning predictions of bandgap and efficiency in chalcogenide perovskites

Abstract

Solar cell technology has advanced rapidly in efficiency and material innovation. As a renewable energy source, solar cells help mitigate the global energy crisis. Perovskite-based solar cells have recently achieved efficiencies above 25%, surpassing conventional silicon cells. Among emerging materials, chalcogenide perovskites show great promise due to their superior stability compared to halide perovskites. However, they remain in the exploration stage, making accurate predictions of their electrical properties, especially bandgap, essential for assessing potential in solar cell applications. This study predicts bandgap values using computational methods, emphasizing efficiency and cost reduction compared to experimental approaches. Key features derived from collected data include oxidation state, electronegativity, coordination number, ionic radius, and density. Several machine learning (ML) algorithms: AdaBoost Regressor, gradient boosting regressor, support vector regressor, CatBoost Regressor, and k-neighbor regressor, were implemented using Python. The research process involved data collection, preprocessing (feature scaling, fusion, reduction, and selection), model training and testing with 5-fold cross-validation, and hyperparameter optimization to achieve optimal results. Among the tested models, CatBoost Regressor yielded the best performance, achieving a coefficient of determination (R 2 ) of 69.34%, a mean absolute error (MAE) of 23.1%, and root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 29.49%, demonstrating its effectiveness in predicting chalcogenide perovskite bandgaps.