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Effects of Corn Cob Biochar and Plant Density on Zinc Uptake and Growth of Vetiver Grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides) in Leachate-Contaminated Landfill Soil

Jurnal Biodjati · Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026) · hlm. 150–165

DOI
10.15575/biodjati.v11i1.54277
ISSN
2541-4208, 2548-1606
Terbit
2026-05-31
Penerbit
UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0

Abstrak

Leachate contamination from landfill waste can increase zinc (Zn) concentrations in soil beyond permissible limits. This study evaluated the effects of corn cob biochar and plant density on Zn uptake and growth of vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides) grown in leachate-contaminated landfill soil. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial scheme and three replications. The first factor was biochar application (without biochar and with biochar), and the second factor was plant density (1 plant and 3 plants per planting bag). The results showed that neither biochar nor plant density, nor their interaction, had a significant effect on soil Zn concentration, root bioconcentration factor (BCF), shoot BCF, and translocation factor (TF). Biochar treatment was associated with lower residual soil Zn concentrations (48.33 mg/kg), higher root bioconcentration factor (BCF) (1.21), and lower shoot BCF (0.78) and translocation factor (TF) (0.70) compared to the treatment without biochar. Similarly, higher plant density showed comparable trends, with lower residual soil Zn concentrations (47.92 mg/kg), higher root BCF (1.33), and lower shoot BCF (0.85) and TF (0.85) compared to lower plant density. However, biochar significantly increased root length, while higher plant density significantly increased shoot dry weight, root biomass, leaf number, and tiller number per planting bag, but decreased plant height per planting bag. Fresh shoot weight per planting bag did not differ significantly among treatments. There was an interaction between biochar and low plant density that increased plant height. The absence of an unplanted control limits the interpretation of Zn reduction. Overall, biochar application and higher plant density were associated with improved growth performance of vetiver grass and may contribute to enhanced Zn uptake characteristics under leachate-contaminated conditions.

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I’anatushshoimah I’anatushshoimahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/biodjati/oai, pertama di-harvest 7 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Effects of Corn Cob Biochar and Plant Density on Zinc Uptake and Growth of Vetiver Grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides) in Leachate-Contaminated Landfill Soil</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Luthfi Fachrezi, Muhammad</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Dwi Hastuti, Endah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Nurchayati, Yulita</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">biochar</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">leachate</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">phytoremediation</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">plant density</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">vetiver</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">zinc</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Leachate contamination from landfill waste can increase zinc (Zn) concentrations in soil beyond permissible limits. This study evaluated the effects of corn cob biochar and plant density on Zn uptake and growth of vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides) grown in leachate-contaminated landfill soil. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial scheme and three replications. The first factor was biochar application (without biochar and with biochar), and the second factor was plant density (1 plant and 3 plants per planting bag). The results showed that neither biochar nor plant density, nor their interaction, had a significant effect on soil Zn concentration, root bioconcentration factor (BCF), shoot BCF, and translocation factor (TF). Biochar treatment was associated with lower residual soil Zn concentrations (48.33 mg/kg), higher root bioconcentration factor (BCF) (1.21), and lower shoot BCF (0.78) and translocation factor (TF) (0.70) compared to the treatment without biochar. Similarly, higher plant density showed comparable trends, with lower residual soil Zn concentrations (47.92 mg/kg), higher root BCF (1.33), and lower shoot BCF (0.85) and TF (0.85) compared to lower plant density. However, biochar significantly increased root length, while higher plant density significantly increased shoot dry weight, root biomass, leaf number, and tiller number per planting bag, but decreased plant height per planting bag. Fresh shoot weight per planting bag did not differ significantly among treatments.  There was an interaction between biochar and low plant density that increased plant height. The absence of an unplanted control limits the interpretation of Zn reduction. Overall, biochar application and higher plant density were associated with improved growth performance of vetiver grass and may contribute to enhanced Zn uptake characteristics under leachate-contaminated conditions.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-05-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/biodjati/article/view/54277</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15575/biodjati.v11i1.54277</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Jurnal Biodjati; Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): May; 150-165</dc:source>
	<dc:source xml:lang="id-ID">Jurnal Biodjati; Vol 11 No 1 (2026): May; 150-165</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2541-4208</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2548-1606</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/biodjati/article/view/54277/16505</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Biodjati</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>