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Hajj and ʿUmrah Rituals in Religious Studies: Rodrigues-Harding's Theoretical Framework and Contemporary Media Analysis

Jurnal Iman dan Spiritualitas · Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026) · hlm. 457–470

DOI
10.15575/jis.v6i2.53339
ISSN
2775-4596
Terbit
2026-03-30
Penerbit
UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

The Hajj and Umrah rituals are central acts of worship in Islam, containing intertwined spiritual, social, cultural, economic, and political dimensions. In the context of globalization and advanced modernity, these rituals have undergone significant transformation, from traditional spiritual pilgrimage practices to global religious phenomena mediated by digital technology, the travel industry, and transnational market logic. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of this transformation through the religious studies approach developed by Hillary Rodrigues and John S. Harding, which rejects the reductive dichotomy between insider perspectives (faith, religious experience, and theological commitment) and outsider perspectives (critical academic analysis). This study uses an interdisciplinary qualitative approach with a library research design. Primary data sources include the Qur'an, hadith, and the theoretical works of Rodrigues and Harding, while secondary data sources include scientific journal articles, academic books, and contemporary studies on the Hajj, Umrah, and religion in the digital age. Data analysis is conducted through concept reduction, contextual interpretation, and theoretical synthesis by integrating theological, phenomenological, and sociological perspectives. The results of this study indicate that the Rodrigues–Harding approach allows for a more holistic understanding of the Hajj and Umrah as ritual practices that are simultaneously sacred and social. This study also finds that the commodification and mediatization of rituals in the contemporary era creates a paradox between the ideal of spiritual simplicity and the reality of material splendor, but at the same time opens up new spaces for the formation of global Muslim solidarity, including through digital media. The contribution of this study lies in strengthening the interdisciplinary analytical framework in the study of Islamic rituals that bridges faith and science, and offers a critical reflection on the spiritual meaning of the Hajj and Umrah amidst modern socio-cultural changes.

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  • Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung
  • Tadulako University
  • Universitas Sangga Buana YPKP
  • Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University
  • Bandung Islamic University
  • Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang
  • Parahyangan Catholic University
  • Organisasi lain
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Ahmad Gibson AlbustomiSunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung3
Neng HannahSunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung2
Ana LustiyowatiSunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung2
Tukma Triputri DaulaySunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung2
Rifki RosyadSunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung1
Ridho BaidhowiSunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung1
Asep MuhyidinSunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung1
Dede HidayatAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
M Taufiq RahmanSunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung1
Muhammad Yusuf WibisonoSunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung1
Ruslan M. YunusTadulako University1
Muchsin al-FikriUniversitas Sangga Buana YPKP1
Ahmad Ali NurdinSunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung1
Ikhsan AhmadSultan Ageng Tirtayasa University1
Doddy IskandarBandung Islamic University1
Asep Saeful MuhtadiSunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung1
Abdul SyukurSunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung1
Jajang A RohmanaSunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung1
M. Dewangga WidhiaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Muhtar SolihinSunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung1
Holina HolinaUniversitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang1
Paelani SetiaSunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung1
Panji Guniwa Aria AwanggaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Dian NurrachmanSunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung1
Ilim Abdul HalimSunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung1
Mohammad Ziaul HaqParahyangan Catholic University1
Paridah NapilahSunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung1
Andini AndiniAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Mikael Adi SiswantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Tatang ZakariaSunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung1
Efendi RahmatMinistry of Religious Affairs1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/jis/oai, pertama di-harvest 7 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Hajj and ʿUmrah Rituals in Religious Studies: Rodrigues-Harding's Theoretical Framework and Contemporary Media Analysis</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Anugrah, Muhammad Dimas</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Truna, Dody S.</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Waluyajati, Raden Roro Sri Rejeki</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">commodification</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Hajj</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">mediatization</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">religious studies</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Rodrigues-Harding</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Umrah</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">The Hajj and Umrah rituals are central acts of worship in Islam, containing intertwined spiritual, social, cultural, economic, and political dimensions. In the context of globalization and advanced modernity, these rituals have undergone significant transformation, from traditional spiritual pilgrimage practices to global religious phenomena mediated by digital technology, the travel industry, and transnational market logic. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of this transformation through the religious studies approach developed by Hillary Rodrigues and John S. Harding, which rejects the reductive dichotomy between insider perspectives (faith, religious experience, and theological commitment) and outsider perspectives (critical academic analysis). This study uses an interdisciplinary qualitative approach with a library research design. Primary data sources include the Qur'an, hadith, and the theoretical works of Rodrigues and Harding, while secondary data sources include scientific journal articles, academic books, and contemporary studies on the Hajj, Umrah, and religion in the digital age. Data analysis is conducted through concept reduction, contextual interpretation, and theoretical synthesis by integrating theological, phenomenological, and sociological perspectives. The results of this study indicate that the Rodrigues–Harding approach allows for a more holistic understanding of the Hajj and Umrah as ritual practices that are simultaneously sacred and social. This study also finds that the commodification and mediatization of rituals in the contemporary era creates a paradox between the ideal of spiritual simplicity and the reality of material splendor, but at the same time opens up new spaces for the formation of global Muslim solidarity, including through digital media. The contribution of this study lies in strengthening the interdisciplinary analytical framework in the study of Islamic rituals that bridges faith and science, and offers a critical reflection on the spiritual meaning of the Hajj and Umrah amidst modern socio-cultural changes.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-03-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/jis/article/view/53339</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15575/jis.v6i2.53339</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Jurnal Iman dan Spiritualitas; Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal Iman dan Spiritualitas; 457-470</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2775-4596</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/jis/article/view/53339/16286</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Dimas Anugrah, Dody S. Truna, Raden Roro Sri Rejeki Waluyajati</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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