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The Penghulu Court, Islam, and Customary Law: Critical Analysis of the Handling of Murder Case in Cirebon in 1794

JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah) · Vol. 24 No. 1 (2025) · hlm. 165–180

DOI
10.31958/juris.v24i1.13276
ISSN
2580-2763, 1412-6109
Terbit
2025-06-30
Penerbit
Universitas Islam Negeri Mahmud Yunus Batusangkar
Bahasa
en
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0

Abstrak

This article examines three letters from Governor General Willem Arnold Alting to Sultan Sepuh and Sultan Anom of Cirebon, dated July 4 and December 1, 1794. It explores the contested role of the Penghulu Court in the Cirebon Sultanate during late 18th century under Dutch colonial rule, a period marked by the overlap of Islamic, customary (adat), and colonial legal systems. A key episode occurred when Governor General Alting criticized the courtÔÇÖs discharge of two murder suspects, alleging a failure to uphold Islamic or customary law. This study employs a qualitative historical legal methodology and codicological analysis, to examine three unpublished VOC-era manuscripts from the National Archives of the Republic Indonesia (Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia/ANRI). It reveals that the Penghulu CourtÔÇÖs decision was grounded in Islamic procedural law, particularly evidentiary rules regarding confession and denial. The findings highlight how local Islamic courts negotiated legal legitimacy under growing colonial oversight. This study contributes to academic discourse on legal pluralism by illustrating how Islamic judicial authority was preserved, adapted, and eventually constrained under colonial governance. It underscores the historical foundations of IndonesiaÔÇÖs contemporary legal hybridity, where state law, shar─½╩┐a, and adat remain deeply interconnected within the national judicial system.

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Arif SyibromalisiAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Rohanda RohandaAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
Didin Nurul RosidinAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Nurman KholisAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
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Mardina AbdullahAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
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Ahmad YunaniAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Darlis DarlisAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Suhessy SyarifAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
M. AfdalAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Mohamad MuspawiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Eling Retno KholifahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Asep SuryanaPadjadjaran University1
Johar PermanaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ryzki WiryawanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Mukhlis MukhlisAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Eka PrihatinAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Djam’an SatoriAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
CITRA IMELDA USMANAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
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Yudi GuntaraAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Firman PermanaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Dono DarsonoSunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung1
Ahmad FuadAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Agus PermanaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Riyanto RiyantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Cristyano CristyanoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Muhammad Habibi Miftakhul MarwaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://ejournal.uinmybatusangkar.ac.id/ojs/index.php/Juris/oai, pertama di-harvest 7 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">The Penghulu Court, Islam, and Customary Law: Critical Analysis of the Handling of Murder Case in Cirebon in 1794</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Saefullah, Asep</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Hazmirullah, Hazmirullah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Burhanudin, Dede</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Pinem, Masmedia</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Hanif, Akhyar</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Suryadi, Suryadi</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Manuscript</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Cirebon Sultanate</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Penghulu Court</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Willem Arnold Alting</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Raad van Justitie</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Islamic law (fiqh)</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Customary law</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">This article examines three letters from Governor General Willem Arnold Alting to Sultan Sepuh and Sultan Anom of Cirebon, dated July 4 and December 1, 1794. It explores the contested role of the Penghulu Court in the Cirebon Sultanate during late 18th century under Dutch colonial rule, a period marked by the overlap of Islamic, customary (adat), and colonial legal systems. A key episode occurred when Governor General Alting criticized the courtÔÇÖs discharge of two murder suspects, alleging a failure to uphold Islamic or customary law. This study employs a qualitative historical legal methodology and codicological analysis, to examine three unpublished VOC-era manuscripts from the National Archives of the Republic Indonesia (Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia/ANRI). It reveals that the Penghulu CourtÔÇÖs decision was grounded in Islamic procedural law, particularly evidentiary rules regarding confession and denial. The findings highlight how local Islamic courts negotiated legal legitimacy under growing colonial oversight. This study contributes to academic discourse on legal pluralism by illustrating how Islamic judicial authority was preserved, adapted, and eventually constrained under colonial governance. It underscores the historical foundations of IndonesiaÔÇÖs contemporary legal hybridity, where state law, shar─½╩┐a, and adat remain deeply interconnected within the national judicial system.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Islam Negeri Mahmud Yunus Batusangkar</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-06-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
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	<dc:identifier>https://ejournal.uinmybatusangkar.ac.id/ojs/index.php/Juris/article/view/13276</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.31958/juris.v24i1.13276</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah); Vol. 24 No. 1 (2025); 165-180</dc:source>
	<dc:source xml:lang="id">Juris; Vol 24 No 1 (2025); 165-180</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2580-2763</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1412-6109</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.31958/juris.v24i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://ejournal.uinmybatusangkar.ac.id/ojs/index.php/Juris/article/view/13276/4817</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://ejournal.uinmybatusangkar.ac.id/ojs/index.php/Juris/article/view/13276/4844</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://ejournal.uinmybatusangkar.ac.id/ojs/index.php/Juris/article/view/13276/5226</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Asep Saefullah, Hazmirullah Hazmirullah, Dede Burhanudin, Masmedia Pinem, Akhyar Hanif</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</dc:rights>
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