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Effectiveness of International Legal Instruments in Preventing and Eradicating Human Trafficking: Palermo Protocol Implementation Study

Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Konstitusi · Vol. ksgeist (2026) · hlm. 1–20

DOI
10.24090/volksgeist.v9i1.15370
ISSN
2615-5648, 2615-174X
Terbit
2026-03-20
Penerbit
Faculty of Sharia, Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Profesor Kiai Haji Saifuddin Zuhri Purwokerto, Indonesia
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Human trafficking is a complex, transnational crime intrinsically linked to human rights violations, requiring a holistic legal response at both international and domestic levels. The Palermo Protocol has served as an essential international legal instrument; yet, it continues to face numerous problems. This research aims to assess the effectiveness of the Palermo Protocol as an international legislative instrument for the prevention and eradication of human trafficking by analyzing its implementation in Indonesia and the Philippines. The research methodology utilized is normative juridical, integrating legislative, conceptual, and comparative legal frameworks. The results indicate that the Palermo Protocol is relatively effective in promoting legal harmonization and establishing institutional frameworks in ratifying nations; yet, it has not completely bridged the gap between international standards and their practical implementation. In Indonesia, fragmented authority, the limited competence of law enforcement officials, and an inadequate integrated data system present substantial obstacles to victim identification and protection. The Philippines, on the other hand, has a more cohesive legal and institutional framework that makes it easier to adopt international norms. However, it still struggles to do so because it relies on external resources and faces structural problems such as poverty, labor migration, and gender inequality. This study finds that the Palermo Protocol works well as a global standard, but it hasn't done much to lower the number of people who are trafficked. Consequently, improving the protocol's effectiveness requires evolving from a passive, normative framework into an active, accountable, victim-centered legal system harmonized with extensive socio-economic policies.

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  • University of Brawijaya
  • Bandung Islamic University
  • University of Bengkulu
  • University of Malaya
  • Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia
  • University of Palangka Raya
  • Hasanuddin University
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Fransiska Ayulistya SusantoUniversity of Brawijaya4
Zico Junius FernandoUniversity of Bengkulu3
Mohd Hazmi Mohd RusliUniversiti Sains Islam Malaysia2
Moh. FadliUniversity of Brawijaya2
Kiki KristantoUniversity of Palangka Raya2
NataliaUniversity of Brawijaya2
Setyo WidagdoUniversity of Brawijaya2
Siswanto SiswantoHasanuddin University1
Mahmud MulyadiUniversitas Sumatera Utara1
Panca Sarjana PutraNorth Sumatra Islamic University1
Antory Royan AdyanUniversity of Bengkulu1
Agri BaskaraUniversity of Leeds1
Sawitri Yuli HartatiUniversitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta1
Sukardi SukardiUniversity of Mataram1
Diah Pawestri MaharaniUniversity of Brawijaya1
Mustafa LuthfiUniversitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim1
Adi KusumaningrumUniversity of Brawijaya1
Lukman Yudho PrakosoIndonesia Defense University1
Nuddin HarahabUniversity of Brawijaya1
Ikaningtyas IkaningtyasUniversity of Brawijaya1
M. Choirul HidayatMonash University1
Edi SetiadiBandung Islamic University1
Ridwan Nurarifin RidwanBandung Islamic University1
Nandang SambasBandung Islamic University1
Arie KartikaMedan Area University1
Rangga Vandy WardanaUniversity of Brawijaya1
Fachrizal AfandiUniversity of Brawijaya1
Shinta HadiyantinaUniversity of Brawijaya1
Dewi CahyandariUniversity of Brawijaya1
Prija DjatmikaUniversity of Brawijaya1
Heru KurniawanUniversity of Brawijaya1
Retno Dewi Pulung SariUniversitas Katolik Darma Cendika1
I Nyoman NurjayaUniversity of Brawijaya1
Sequito MonteiroUniversidade de Díli1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://ejournal.uinsaizu.ac.id/index.php/volksgeist/oai, pertama di-harvest 7 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Effectiveness of International Legal Instruments in Preventing and Eradicating Human Trafficking: Palermo Protocol Implementation Study</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Maharani, Natalia</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Widagdo, Setyo</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Istiqomah, Milda</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Puspitawati, Dhiana</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Anditya, Ariesta Wibisono</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Effectiveness; human trafficking; implementation; international law; palermo protocol.</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Human trafficking is a complex, transnational crime intrinsically linked to human rights violations, requiring a holistic legal response at both international and domestic levels. The Palermo Protocol has served as an essential international legal instrument; yet, it continues to face numerous problems. This research aims to assess the effectiveness of the Palermo Protocol as an international legislative instrument for the prevention and eradication of human trafficking by analyzing its implementation in Indonesia and the Philippines. The research methodology utilized is normative juridical, integrating legislative, conceptual, and comparative legal frameworks. The results indicate that the Palermo Protocol is relatively effective in promoting legal harmonization and establishing institutional frameworks in ratifying nations; yet, it has not completely bridged the gap between international standards and their practical implementation. In Indonesia, fragmented authority, the limited competence of law enforcement officials, and an inadequate integrated data system present substantial obstacles to victim identification and protection. The Philippines, on the other hand, has a more cohesive legal and institutional framework that makes it easier to adopt international norms. However, it still struggles to do so because it relies on external resources and faces structural problems such as poverty, labor migration, and gender inequality. This study finds that the Palermo Protocol works well as a global standard, but it hasn't done much to lower the number of people who are trafficked. Consequently, improving the protocol's effectiveness requires evolving from a passive, normative framework into an active, accountable, victim-centered legal system harmonized with extensive socio-economic policies.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Faculty of Sharia, Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Profesor Kiai Haji Saifuddin Zuhri Purwokerto, Indonesia</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-03-20</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
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	<dc:identifier>https://ejournal.uinsaizu.ac.id/index.php/volksgeist/article/view/15370</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.24090/volksgeist.v9i1.15370</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Konstitusi; Vol. 9 Issue 1 (2026) Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Konstitusi; 1-20</dc:source>
	<dc:source xml:lang="id">Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Konstitusi; Vol. 9 Issue 1 (2026) Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Konstitusi; 1-20</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2615-5648</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2615-174X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.24090/volksgeist.v9i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://ejournal.uinsaizu.ac.id/index.php/volksgeist/article/view/15370/4839</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Natalia Maharani, Setyo Widagdo, Milda Istiqomah, Dhiana Puspitawati, Ariesta Wibisono Anditya</dc:rights>
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