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Controlling the Nutrition Water Level in the Non-Circulating Hydroponics based on the Top Projected Canopy Area

IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems) · Vol. 16 No. 2 (2022) · pp. 181–192

DOI
10.22146/ijccs.70556
ISSN
2460-7258, 1978-1520
Published
2022-04-30
Publisher
IndoCEISS in colaboration with Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstract

Deep Water Culture Hydroponics is suitable for a large-scale plantation as it does not require turn-on the electric pump constantly. Nevertheless, this method needs an electric aerator to give Oxygen to the roots. Kratky’s and Dry Hydroponics are the two methods that suggest an air gap between the raft and the nutrient water level. The gap gives Oxygen to the roots without an aeration pump. Controlling the nutrient water level is required to give a good distance of air gap for Precision Agriculture. The root length estimation used to be done manually by opening the raft, but this research promotes automatic and non-contact estimation using the camera. The images are used to predict the root length based on the Top Projected Canopy Area (TPCA) using various Regression Methods. The test shows that the TPCA gives a high correlation toward the Root Length (>0.9). To control the nutrient water level, this research compares If-Else and the Linear Regression. The error between the actual level that is measured using an Ultrasonic sensor and the setpoint is fed to an Arduino Uno to control the duration of an inlet pump and the outlet pump. The If-Else and the Linear Regression method show good results.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

39 authors · 114 co-authorship links · 6 across different organisations

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • University of Brawijaya
  • Indonesia Open University
  • Institut Teknologi, Sains, dan Kesehatan RS.DR. Soepraoen Kesdam V/BRW
  • Gunadarma University
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Rakhmadhany PrimanandaUniversity of Brawijaya6
Dahnial SyauqyUniversity of Brawijaya5
Fitri UtaminingrumUniversity of Brawijaya4
Randy Cahya WihandikaUniversity of Brawijaya4
Muhammad Ali FauziUniversity of Brawijaya4
Edita Rosana WidasariUniversity of Brawijaya3
Eko SetiawanUniversity of Brawijaya3
Agung Setia BudiAffiliation unknown2
Muhammad Rheza CaesardiUniversity of Brawijaya2
Jeffry Atur FirdausUniversity of Brawijaya2
Fahmi ErzaUniversity of Brawijaya2
Rekyan Regasari Mardi PutriUniversity of Brawijaya1
Gembong Edhi SetyawanUniversity of Brawijaya1
Benny AdiwijayaUniversity of Brawijaya1
Faizal Andy SusiloUniversity of Brawijaya1
Mochammad Hannats Hanafi IchsanUniversity of Brawijaya1
Adhitya BhawiyugaUniversity of Brawijaya1
Muhammad Hanif Azhar EfendiUniversity of Brawijaya1
Dittha RatanasariUniversity of Brawijaya1
Sabriansyah Rizqika AkbarUniversity of Brawijaya1
Agung SetiabudiAffiliation unknown1
Giservin Tifira ZainUniversity of Brawijaya1
Ragil Hadi PrasetyoUniversity of Brawijaya1
Barlian Henryranu PrasetioUniversity of Brawijaya1
Fakhrul AllaamUniversity of Brawijaya1
Nanda Amaliatus SholichaUniversity of Brawijaya1
Denisha TrihapningsariGunadarma University1
Risqy Siwi PradiniInstitut Teknologi, Sains, dan Kesehatan RS.DR. Soepraoen Kesdam V/BRW1
Mayang Anglingsari PutriAffiliation unknown1
Risqy Siwi PradiniAffiliation unknown1
Denisha Trihapningsari TrihapningsariAffiliation unknown1
Mayang Anglingsari PutriIndonesia Open University1
Fauzan Ghozi MubarakAffiliation unknown1
Fauzan Ghozi MubarakUniversity of Brawijaya1
Naufal Mohamad GhifaryAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijccs/oai, first harvested 26 Okt 2026, last seen 26 Okt 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc)
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Controlling the Nutrition Water Level in the Non-Circulating Hydroponics based on the Top Projected Canopy Area</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Fitriyah, Hurriyatul</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Budi, Agung Setia</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Maulana, Rizal</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Setiawan, Eko</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Computer Vision, Control, Machine Learning</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">TPCA; Root length; Control; Water Level; Regression</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Deep Water Culture Hydroponics is suitable for a large-scale plantation as it does not require turn-on the electric pump constantly. Nevertheless, this method needs an electric aerator to give Oxygen to the roots. Kratky’s and Dry Hydroponics are the two methods that suggest an air gap between the raft and the nutrient water level. The gap gives Oxygen to the roots without an aeration pump. Controlling the nutrient water level is required to give a good distance of air gap for Precision Agriculture. The root length estimation used to be done manually by opening the raft, but this research promotes automatic and non-contact estimation using the camera. The images are used to predict the root length based on the Top Projected Canopy Area (TPCA) using various Regression Methods. The test shows that the TPCA gives a high correlation toward the Root Length (&gt;0.9). To control the nutrient water level, this research compares If-Else and the Linear Regression. The error between the actual level that is measured using an Ultrasonic sensor and the setpoint is fed to an Arduino Uno to control the duration of an inlet pump and the outlet pump. The If-Else and the Linear Regression method show good results.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">IndoCEISS in colaboration with Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.</dc:publisher>
	<dc:contributor xml:lang="en-US">LPPM Universitas Brawijaya</dc:contributor>
	<dc:date>2022-04-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
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	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijccs/article/view/70556</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.22146/ijccs.70556</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems); Vol 16, No 2 (2022): April; 181-192</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2460-7258</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1978-1520</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijccs/article/view/70556/33703</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2022 IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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