Melola Discovery

← Melola Discovery

Akses terbuka Jurnal

Black swan theory: legal policy of the Indonesian national healthcare

Legality: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum · Vol. 30 No. 1 (2022) · hlm. 29–46

DOI
10.22219/ljih.v30i1.16867
ISSN
2549-4600, 0854-6509
Terbit
2022-03-01
Penerbit
Faculty of Law, University of Muhammadiyah Malang
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

The Indonesian National Health Service (NHS) is part of Indonesia’s national social security system. Its implementation is full of problems, such as the rejection of patients, the NHS payment which is lower than the real health cost, sanctions, fines, etc. The Indonesian National Social Security System, especially the NHS services, was established by the state to give social protection to its citizens. The Black Swan Theory is based on the presumption that all swans are white, thus in this case, the Indonesian NHS is truly a program aimed to give social security in the health sector, just as the general conditions of social securities applied in other countries. This research studies this theory to explore the paradoxes which happen in the Indonesian NHS to find the black swan. In this case, the black swan is a paradoxical symbol regarding the regulations and the problems of the Indonesian NHS. This research uses the juridical-doctrinal or the normative method and is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Based on the Black Swan theory, this research tries to find paradoxical, extreme, and unpredictable discrepancies in the Indonesian NHS. It is found that the Indonesian NHS is a black swan or unpredicted according to black swan theory. The objectives, practices, and regulations of this NHS are truly different from the NHS which is supposed to be given to the Indonesians. It transfers the government’s burden in establishing the health service and the rights of the citizens to the citizens, coupled with the threat of sanctions which is unknown in NHS. The applied Indonesian NHS has an extensive impact on hundreds of millions of Indonesian citizens.

Kata kunci

Jaringan kolaborasi para penulis

31 penulis · 99 tautan kepenulisan bersama · 64 lintas organisasi

Arahkan kursor atau ketuk sebuah nama untuk menyorot rekan penulisnya. Klik dua kali untuk membuka halaman penulis.

  • Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
  • Tashkent State University of Law
  • Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia
  • Universitas Muhammadiyah Cirebon
  • Universitas Duta Bangsa
  • University of Kuala Lumpur
  • Universitas Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya
  • Organisasi lain
  • Afiliasi tidak diketahui
  • Organisasi berbeda
  • Organisasi sama
  • Afiliasi tidak diketahui
  • Garis lebih tebal = lebih banyak artikel bersama · lingkaran lebih besar = lebih banyak artikel
Tampilkan sebagai tabel
Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Kelik WardionoMuhammadiyah University of Surakarta7
Achmadi AchmadiUniversitas Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya3
Said Saidakhrarovich GulyamovTashkent State University of Law3
Wardah YuspinMuhammadiyah University of Surakarta3
Trias HernandaUniversitas Muhammadiyah Kudus3
Mohammad Indra BangsawanMuhammadiyah University of Surakarta3
Faisal FaisalMuhammadiyah University of Surakarta2
Reema BhattacharyaJagannath University2
Khudzaifah DimyatiMuhammadiyah University of Surakarta2
Sugeng WibowoMuhammadiyah University of Surakarta2
Vanka LyandovaSt Petersburg University2
Tomás Mateo RamonUniversitat Internacional de Catalunya2
Rizka RizkaMuhammadiyah University of Surakarta2
Ahmad Shamsul Abd AzizUniversiti Utara Malaysia1
Ulfah Dwi RahmawatiMuhammadiyah University of Surakarta1
Fahmi FairuzzamanMuhammadiyah University of Surakarta1
Agustinus AstonoPanca Bhakti University1
Nozimbek DilboboevTashkent State University of Law1
Endah PujiastutiUniversitas Semarang1
Valisher SapayevMamun University1
Syifa Rana TsaryMuhammadiyah University of Surakarta1
Silaas Oghenemaro EmovwodoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Aidul Fitriciada AzhariMuhammadiyah University of Surakarta1
Ridhima Bhanot SharmaVivekananda Institute of Professional Studies1

Afiliasi berasal dari OpenAlex; metadata OAI-PMH jurnal tidak memuatnya. Penulis tanpa ID OpenAlex dicocokkan berdasarkan nama, sehingga dua orang bisa tergabung atau satu orang bisa terpisah.

Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://ejournal.umm.ac.id/index.php/legality/oai, pertama di-harvest 7 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Black swan theory: legal policy of the Indonesian national healthcare</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Budiono, Arief</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Absori, Absori</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Ngestiningrum, Ayesha Hendriana</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Dewi, Elya Kusuma </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Nurhayati, Nunik</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Arum Prastyanti, Rina </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Ibrahim, Alisa </dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Black Swan</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Theory</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Health</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Service</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Indonesia</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">The Indonesian National Health Service (NHS) is part of Indonesia’s national social security system. Its implementation is full of problems, such as the rejection of patients, the NHS payment which is lower than the real health cost, sanctions, fines, etc. The Indonesian National Social Security System, especially the NHS services, was established by the state to give social protection to its citizens. The Black Swan Theory is based on the presumption that all swans are white, thus in this case, the Indonesian NHS is truly a program aimed to give social security in the health sector, just as the general conditions of social securities applied in other countries. This research studies this theory to explore the paradoxes which happen in the Indonesian NHS to find the black swan. In this case, the black swan is a paradoxical symbol regarding the regulations and the problems of the Indonesian NHS. This research uses the juridical-doctrinal or the normative method and is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Based on the Black Swan theory, this research tries to find paradoxical, extreme, and unpredictable discrepancies in the Indonesian NHS. It is found that the Indonesian NHS is a black swan or unpredicted according to black swan theory. The objectives, practices, and regulations of this NHS are truly different from the NHS which is supposed to be given to the Indonesians. It transfers the government’s burden in establishing the health service and the rights of the citizens to the citizens, coupled with the threat of sanctions which is unknown in NHS. The applied Indonesian NHS has an extensive impact on hundreds of millions of Indonesian citizens.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Faculty of Law, University of Muhammadiyah Malang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2022-03-01</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://ejournal.umm.ac.id/index.php/legality/article/view/16867</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.22219/ljih.v30i1.16867</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Legality : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum; Vol. 30 No. 1 (2022): March; 29-46</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2549-4600</dc:source>
	<dc:source>0854-6509</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://ejournal.umm.ac.id/index.php/legality/article/view/16867/10490</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2022 Arief Budiono, Absori Absori, Ayesha Hendriana Ngestiningrum, Elya Kusuma  Dewi, Nunik Nurhayati, Rina  Arum Prastyanti, Alisa  Ibrahim</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>