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The Comparison of Monocyte Human Leukocyte Antigen-D-Related (mHLA-DR) Expression Levels Between Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients and Healthy Subjects

ACTA MEDICA INDONESIANA · Vol. 55 No. 1 (2023)

ISSN
2338-2732, 0125-9326
Terbit
2023-03-31
Penerbit
The Indonesian Society of Internal Medicine
Bahasa
eng

Abstrak

Background: SARS-CoV-2 can trigger a dysfunctional immune response in COVID-19 patients and lead to immunosuppression. HLA-DR molecule expressed on the surface of monocytes, known as mHLA-DR, has been widely used as a reliable marker of immunosuppression. Downregulation of mHLA-DR reflects an immunosuppressed state. This study aimed to compare the expression level of mHLA-DR between COVID-19 patients and healthy subjects concerning immune system dysregulation that can be triggered by SARS-CoV-2 and lead to immunosuppression. Methods: This was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design that measured the mHLA-DR expression in EDTA blood samples from 34 COVID-19 patients and 15 healthy subjects using the BD FACSLyricTM Flow Cytometry System. The mHLA-DR examination results were expressed in AB/C (antibodies bound per cell) that were quantified using a standard curve constructed with Quantibrite phycoerythrin beads (BD Biosciences). Results: Expression of mHLA-DR in COVID-19 patients (n = 34) were 21,201 [2,646-92,384] AB/C, with 40,543.5 [9,797-92,384] AB/C mild cases (n = 22), 21,201 [9,831-31,930] AB/C moderate cases (n = 6), and 7,496 [2,646-13,674] AB/C severe to critical cases (n= 6). Expression of mHLA-DR in healthy subjects (n = 15) was 43,161 [25,147-89,846] AB/C. Based on the Mann-Whitney U test, the mHLA-DR expression in COVID-19 patients significantly differed from the mHLA-DR expression in healthy subjects (p = 0.010). Conclusion: The level of mHLA-DR expression in COVID-19 patients was lower and significantly different from healthy subjects. Moreover, immunosuppression could be indicated by the decrease of mHLA-DR expression, which was below the reference range found in severe to critically ill COVID-19 patients.

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://www.actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">The Comparison of Monocyte Human Leukocyte Antigen-D-Related (mHLA-DR) Expression Levels Between  Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients and Healthy Subjects</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Nabilah, Musholli Himmatun</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Wardhani, Puspa</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Aryati, Aryati</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Hernaningsih, Yetti</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Semedi, Bambang Pujo</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">COVID-19</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Monocyte Human Leukocyte Antigen-D-Related (mHLA-DR)</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Immunosuppression</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Internal Medicine</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Infection</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">COVID-19</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">SARS-CoV-2</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Immunosupression</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Immuno-hematology</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Background: SARS-CoV-2 can trigger a dysfunctional immune response in COVID-19 patients and lead to immunosuppression. HLA-DR molecule expressed on the surface of monocytes, known as mHLA-DR, has been widely used as a reliable marker of immunosuppression. Downregulation of mHLA-DR reflects an immunosuppressed state. This study aimed to compare the expression level of mHLA-DR between COVID-19 patients and healthy subjects concerning immune system dysregulation that can be triggered by SARS-CoV-2 and lead to immunosuppression. Methods: This was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design that measured the mHLA-DR expression in EDTA blood samples from 34 COVID-19 patients and 15 healthy subjects using the BD FACSLyricTM Flow Cytometry System. The mHLA-DR examination results were expressed in AB/C (antibodies bound per cell) that were quantified using a standard curve constructed with Quantibrite phycoerythrin beads (BD Biosciences). Results: Expression of mHLA-DR in COVID-19 patients (n = 34) were 21,201 [2,646-92,384] AB/C, with 40,543.5 [9,797-92,384] AB/C mild cases (n = 22), 21,201 [9,831-31,930] AB/C moderate cases (n = 6), and 7,496 [2,646-13,674] AB/C severe to critical cases (n= 6). Expression of mHLA-DR in healthy subjects (n = 15) was 43,161 [25,147-89,846] AB/C. Based on the Mann-Whitney U test, the mHLA-DR expression in COVID-19 patients significantly differed from the mHLA-DR expression in healthy subjects (p = 0.010). Conclusion: The level of mHLA-DR expression in COVID-19 patients was lower and significantly different from healthy subjects. Moreover, immunosuppression could be indicated by the decrease of mHLA-DR expression, which was below the reference range found in severe to critically ill COVID-19 patients.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">The Indonesian Society of Internal Medicine</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2023-03-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>http://www.actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/article/view/2310</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Acta Medica Indonesiana; Vol. 55 No. 1 (2023): Acta Medica Indonesiana; 52</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2338-2732</dc:source>
	<dc:source>0125-9326</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>http://www.actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/article/view/2310/pdf</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2023 Musholli Himmatun Nabilah, Puspa Wardhani, Aryati Aryati, Yetti Hernaningsih, Bambang Pujo Semedi</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>