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The Association between Anemia and Mortality of Severe Pneumonia COVID-19 Patients in the High Care Unit of a Tertiary Hospital in Jakarta

ACTA MEDICA INDONESIANA · Vol. 56 No. 1 (2024)

ISSN
2338-2732, 0125-9326
Terbit
2024-04-01
Penerbit
The Indonesian Society of Internal Medicine
Bahasa
eng

Abstrak

Background: Numerous studies explored the association between anemia and mortality in patients with severe pneumonia due to COVID-19. However, the findings were inconsistent. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the association between anemia at HCU admission and in-hospital mortality in severe pneumonia COVID-19 patients. Methods: This retrospective cohort study obtained data on 110 COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia who were admitted to the HCU between January, 1st 2021, and May 31st, 2021. Patients were categorized as anemic and non-anemic based on the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the subjects were described. The Chi-squared test was carried out followed by a logistic regression test to determine the association of anemia and mortality. Results: Anemia was observed in 31% of 110 patients with severe pneumonia COVID-19. The source population consisted of 60.9% men and 39.1% women with a median age of 58 years. The most prevalent comorbidity was hypertension (38.2%), followed by diabetes mellitus (27.2%), renal diseases (19.1%) and heart diseases (10%). TAnemia on HCU admission was associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with severe pneumonia COVID-19 (RR: 2.794, 95% CI 1.470-5.312). After adjusting comorbidities as confounding factors, anemia was independently associated with mortality (RR: 2.204, 95% CI: 1.124-4.323, P < 0.021). The result also showed anemic patients had longer lengths of stay and higher levels of D-dimer than non-anemic patients. The median duration length of stay among the anemic and non-anemic was 16 (11-22) and 13 (9-17) days, respectively. The median D-dimer among the anemic and non-anemic was 2220 μg/ml and 1010 μg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: There is a significant association between anemia at HCU admission and mortality in patients with severe pneumonia COVID-19 during hospitalization.

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  • National Research and Innovation Agency
  • Universitas Merdeka Madiun
  • Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi Medan
  • State University of Semarang
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Dimas PriantonoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Eric Daniel TendaAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Mira YuliantiNational Research and Innovation Agency2
I Putu Eka Krisnha WijayaAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Christian JohanAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Herikurniawan HerikurniawanAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Hamzah ShatriAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Zulkifli AminAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Nur AtikahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Hasan MaulahelaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Rahmat CahyanurAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ceva W PitoyoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Wuryantoro WuryantoroUniversitas Merdeka Madiun1
Valy WulaniAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Cleopas M RumendeAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Rabbinu R PribadiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Vito Filbert JayalieAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Kurniadi HusodoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Achmad Fauzi KamalAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Heru WidyawarmanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Errol Untung HutagalungAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Noviana JoenputriAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Jane A.C. DjianzonieAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Livy B PratisthitaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Rahmad MulyadiUniversitas Pembangunan Panca Budi Medan1
Agnes Stephanie HarahapAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Handy Nugraha PutraAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ainun SafitriState University of Semarang1
Bayu BrahmaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Rizky Ifandriani PutriAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Hapsari IndrawatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Dono AntonoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Juferdy KurniawanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Dicky Levenus TahaparyAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Maela Rustiana DewiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://www.actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">The Association between Anemia and Mortality of Severe Pneumonia COVID-19 Patients in the High Care Unit  of a Tertiary Hospital in Jakarta</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Rajabto, Wulyo</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Singh, Gurmeet</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Mulyadi, Calvin Kurnia</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Chandika, Vitya</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Pyrhadistya, Maria</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Anemia</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Mortality</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Severe Pneumonia COVID-19</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Chi-squared</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Background: Numerous studies explored the association between anemia and mortality in patients with severe pneumonia due to COVID-19. However, the findings were inconsistent. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the association between anemia at HCU admission and in-hospital mortality in severe pneumonia COVID-19 patients. Methods: This retrospective cohort study obtained data on 110 COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia who were admitted to the HCU between January, 1st 2021, and May 31st, 2021. Patients were categorized as anemic and non-anemic based on the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the subjects were described. The Chi-squared test was carried out followed by a logistic regression test to determine the association of anemia and mortality. Results: Anemia was observed in 31% of 110 patients with severe pneumonia COVID-19. The source population consisted of 60.9% men and 39.1% women with a median age of 58 years. The most prevalent comorbidity was hypertension (38.2%), followed by diabetes mellitus (27.2%), renal diseases (19.1%) and heart diseases (10%). TAnemia on HCU admission was associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with severe pneumonia COVID-19 (RR: 2.794, 95% CI 1.470-5.312). After adjusting comorbidities as confounding factors, anemia was independently associated with mortality (RR: 2.204, 95% CI: 1.124-4.323, P &amp;lt; 0.021). The result also showed anemic patients had longer lengths of stay and higher levels of D-dimer than non-anemic patients. The median duration length of stay among the anemic and non-anemic was 16 (11-22) and 13 (9-17) days, respectively. The median D-dimer among the anemic and non-anemic was 2220 μg/ml and 1010 μg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: There is a significant association between anemia at HCU admission and mortality in patients with severe pneumonia COVID-19 during hospitalization.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">The Indonesian Society of Internal Medicine</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2024-04-01</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>http://www.actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/article/view/2355</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Acta Medica Indonesiana; Vol. 56 No. 1 (2024): Acta Medica Indonesiana; 63</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2338-2732</dc:source>
	<dc:source>0125-9326</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>http://www.actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/article/view/2355/pdf</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2024 Wulyo Rajabto, Gurmeet Singh, Calvin Kurnia Mulyadi, Vitya Chandika, Maria Pyrhadistya</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>