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The Relationship Between Serum Interleukin-31 Levels and Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Pruritus in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

ACTA MEDICA INDONESIANA · Vol. 58 No. 3 (2026)

ISSN
2338-2732, 0125-9326
Terbit
2026-09-28
Penerbit
The Indonesian Society of Internal Medicine
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Abstrak

Background: Chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus (CKD-aP) has been linked to immune dysregulation, including elevated interleukin-31 (IL-31) levels. However, the limited research on serum IL-31 levels in patients with CKD-aP has yielded inconsistent findings due to heterogeneous patient populations and varied assessment methods. This study elucidated the relationship between serum IL-31 levels, CKD-aP, and its severity in patients undergoing routine hemodialysis (HD). Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included patients undergoing HD at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital between April and May 2024. Pruritus was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) and 5-D itch scale. Serum IL-31 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: Among 70 participants (54.3% male; median age, 52.5 years; median HD vintage, 57 months), 35 experienced CKD-aP. The median VAS and 5-D itch scale scores were 5.3 and 13, respectively, indicating moderate itching severity. Patients with CKD-aP had significantly higher serum IL-31 levels than those without CKD-aP (p = 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed modest discriminatory ability (area under the curve = 0.64), with a sensitivity of 51.4% and specificity of 74.3% at a cut-off of 173 pg/mL. A significant association was observed between serum IL-31 levels and CKD-aP (p = 0.03). However, no significant correlation was found between IL-31 levels and pruritus severity as measured by the VAS (p = 0.79) or 5-D itch scale (p = 0.44). Conclusion: Serum IL-31 levels were higher in patients with CKD-aP, suggesting its potential association with pruritus. However, its modest diagnostic performance and lack of correlation with itch severity indicate that IL-31 is unlikely to serve as a standalone clinical biomarker and may have a limited role as an adjunctive or exploratory marker.

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Rudi PutrantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui31
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Cleopas Martin RumendeAfiliasi tidak diketahui11
Siti SetiatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui11
Edward FaisalAfiliasi tidak diketahui10
Em YunirUniversity of Indonesia10
Murdani AbdullahAfiliasi tidak diketahui9
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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://www.actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">The Relationship Between Serum Interleukin-31 Levels and Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Pruritus in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Asmara, I Gede Yasa</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Legiawati, Lili</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Widhani, Alvina</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Nugroho, Pringgodigdo</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Mansjoer, Arif</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Shatri, Hamzah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Subekti, Imam</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Marbun, Maruhum Bonar Hasiholan</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Hemodialysis</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Interleukin-31</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">5-D itch scale</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">visual analog scale (VAS) </dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus (CKD-aP)</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Background: Chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus (CKD-aP) has been linked to immune dysregulation, including elevated interleukin-31 (IL-31) levels. However, the limited research on serum IL-31 levels in patients with CKD-aP has yielded inconsistent findings due to heterogeneous patient populations and varied assessment methods. This study elucidated the relationship between serum IL-31 levels, CKD-aP, and its severity in patients undergoing routine hemodialysis (HD). Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included patients undergoing HD at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital between April and May 2024. Pruritus was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) and 5-D itch scale. Serum IL-31 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: Among 70 participants (54.3% male; median age, 52.5 years; median HD vintage, 57 months), 35 experienced CKD-aP. The median VAS and 5-D itch scale scores were 5.3 and 13, respectively, indicating moderate itching severity. Patients with CKD-aP had significantly higher serum IL-31 levels than those without CKD-aP (p = 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed modest discriminatory ability (area under the curve = 0.64), with a sensitivity of 51.4% and specificity of 74.3% at a cut-off of 173 pg/mL. A significant association was observed between serum IL-31 levels and CKD-aP (p = 0.03). However, no significant correlation was found between IL-31 levels and pruritus severity as measured by the VAS (p = 0.79) or 5-D itch scale (p = 0.44). Conclusion: Serum IL-31 levels were higher in patients with CKD-aP, suggesting its potential association with pruritus. However, its modest diagnostic performance and lack of correlation with itch severity indicate that IL-31 is unlikely to serve as a standalone clinical biomarker and may have a limited role as an adjunctive or exploratory marker.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">The Indonesian Society of Internal Medicine</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-09-28</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>http://www.actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/article/view/2943</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Acta Medica Indonesiana; Vol. 58 No. 3 (2026): Acta Medica Indonesiana; 344</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2338-2732</dc:source>
	<dc:source>0125-9326</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>http://www.actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/article/view/2943/883</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2026 Acta Medica Indonesiana</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>