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The Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi on the Growth and Essential Oil Yield of Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) under Different Soil Water Content

AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science · Vol. 48 No. 2 (2026) · hlm. 255–274

DOI
10.17503/agrivita.v41i0.4045
ISSN
2477-8516, 0126-0537
Terbit
2026-05-19
Penerbit
Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya in collaboration with PERAGI
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

Abstrak

Patchouli produces essential oils, which are a crucial raw material for various industries, but its main limitation is its low essential oil content and yield. Water management, integrated with the use of beneficial microorganisms, serves as an alternative strategy. This study aims to evaluate the single and dual application of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) on the growth and essential oil production of patchouli under different Soil Water Content (SWC) levels. A two-factor factorial experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was SWC levels (100, 75, 50, and 25% Field Capacity (FC)). The second factor was bioinoculant treatments (no inoculation (control), PGPR, AMF, and PGPR+AMF). The results showed that PGPR+AMF at various SWC levels improved growth and essential oil yield up to 96-190%. A reduction in growth was observed starting at 50% FC, as indicated by the number of leaves (>35%), leaf area (>44%), and plant dry weight (>32%). SWC at 75% FC resulted in 18% higher Water Use Efficiency (WUE) than 100% FC, while PGPR+AMF inoculation increased WUE up to 66%. In conclusion, maintaining SWC at 75% FC and treating the plant with PGPR+AMF inoculations optimized patchouli essential oil yield.

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  • University of Brawijaya
  • National Pingtung University of Science and Technology
  • Universitas Trunodjoyo Madura
  • Universitas Wisnuwardhana Malang
  • Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
  • Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Nurul AiniUniversity of Brawijaya7
Nunun BarunawatiUniversity of Brawijaya3
Tatik WardiyatiUniversity of Brawijaya3
Budi WaluyoUniversity of Brawijaya3
Agus SuryantoUniversity of Brawijaya2
Mudji SantosaUniversity of Brawijaya2
Adi SetiawanUniversity of Brawijaya2
Luqman Qurata AiniUniversity of Brawijaya2
Husni Thamrin SebayangUniversity of Brawijaya2
Yekti Sri RahayuUniversitas Wisnuwardhana Malang2
Nurul AiniUniversitas Muhammadiyah Malang2
Kartika YurlisaUniversity of Brawijaya2
Paramyta Nila PermanasariUniversity of Brawijaya2
Didik HariyonoUniversity of Brawijaya1
Norry Eka PalupiIndonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development1
Liliek SulistyowatiUniversity of Brawijaya1
Chiu-Chsiung ChengNational Pingtung University of Science and Technology1
Yi‐Hsien LinNational Pingtung University of Science and Technology1
Niken KendariniUniversity of Brawijaya1
Hagus TarnoUniversity of Brawijaya1
Ninuk HerlinaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Roedy SoelistyonoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
N. D. S. KanwalAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Titiek IslamiUniversity of Brawijaya1
Koesriharti KoesrihartiUniversity of Brawijaya1
Sisca FajrianiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Andi KurniawanUniversity of Brawijaya1
Henny PramoedyoUniversity of Brawijaya1
Tatik WardiyatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Abdul Latief AbadiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Anis RosyidahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Tietyk KartinatyAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Runik Dyah PurwaningrahayuAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Lidia Kartika MulyaniUniversity of Brawijaya1
Ninuk HerlinaUniversity of Brawijaya1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://agrivita.ub.ac.id/index.php/agrivita/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">The Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi on the Growth and Essential Oil Yield of Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) under Different Soil Water Content</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Aini, Nurul</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Kurniawan, Agus Prayitno</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Maghfoer, Moch. Dawam</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Yamika, Wiwin Sumiya Dwi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Kusuma, Restu Rizkyta</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Agronomy</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Essential oil; Field capacity; Microorganism; WUE</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Patchouli produces essential oils, which are a crucial raw material for various industries, but its main limitation is its low essential oil content and yield. Water management, integrated with the use of beneficial microorganisms, serves as an alternative strategy. This study aims to evaluate the single and dual application of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) on the growth and essential oil production of patchouli under different Soil Water Content (SWC) levels. A two-factor factorial experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was SWC levels (100, 75, 50, and 25% Field Capacity (FC)). The second factor was bioinoculant treatments (no inoculation (control), PGPR, AMF, and PGPR+AMF). The results showed that PGPR+AMF at various SWC levels improved growth and essential oil yield up to 96-190%. A reduction in growth was observed starting at 50% FC, as indicated by the number of leaves (&amp;gt;35%), leaf area (&amp;gt;44%), and plant dry weight (&amp;gt;32%). SWC at 75% FC resulted in 18% higher Water Use Efficiency (WUE) than 100% FC, while PGPR+AMF inoculation increased WUE up to 66%. In conclusion, maintaining SWC at 75% FC and treating the plant with PGPR+AMF inoculations optimized patchouli essential oil yield.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya in collaboration with PERAGI</dc:publisher>
	<dc:contributor xml:lang="en-US">Essential oil</dc:contributor>
	<dc:contributor xml:lang="en-US">Field capacity</dc:contributor>
	<dc:contributor xml:lang="en-US">Microorganism, WUE</dc:contributor>
	<dc:date>2026-05-19</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://agrivita.ub.ac.id/index.php/agrivita/article/view/4045</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.17503/agrivita.v41i0.4045</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol 48, No 2 (2026); 255-274</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2477-8516</dc:source>
	<dc:source>0126-0537</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.17503/agrivita.v48i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://agrivita.ub.ac.id/index.php/agrivita/article/view/4045/1999</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://agrivita.ub.ac.id/index.php/agrivita/article/downloadSuppFile/4045/2757</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2026 The Author(s)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>