Criminalization of Unregistered Marriage in Indonesia: A Legal System Analysis Based on Friedman's Theory

Rosyadi, Imron; Fuad, Helmy Ziaul; Zaimuddin, Ashlaha Baladina

doi:10.24042/adalah.v221.22779

Akses terbuka Jurnal SINTA 1

Criminalization of Unregistered Marriage in Indonesia: A Legal System Analysis Based on Friedman's Theory

Al-'Adalah · Vol. 22 No. 1 (2025) · hlm. 147–180

DOI: 10.24042/adalah.v221.22779
ISSN: 2614-171X, 0854-1272
Terbit: 2025-06-15
Penerbit: Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung
Bahasa: eng
Lisensi: creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

This article examines the criminal provisions stipulated in Chapter IX, Article 45 of Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975, concerning the Implementation of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage, using the three elements of Lawrence M. Friedman's legal system: Legal Substance, Legal Structure, and Legal Culture. The research method combines a literature review with descriptive normative legal research. This study identifies the high rate of unregistered marriages in Indonesia, which contrasts with the decline in official marriages, reflecting the ineffectiveness of Article 45 of Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975 in enforcing criminal sanctions. Analysis of the Lawrence Legal System reveals that the substance of the law is flawed because criminalization is regulated through derivative regulations, contrary to the principle of nullum crimen sine lege. Institutionally, the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA) and the Civil Registry Office need to strengthen their functions, supported by consistent law enforcement by professional officials. Meanwhile, the low public awareness of marriage registration requires inclusive policies that integrate cultural approaches and context-based education. These findings contribute theoretically to the development of understanding regarding the effectiveness of criminal law enforcement in the context of marriage law while also suggesting the need for more decisive and comprehensive policy reforms to improve the implementation of the law and public legal awareness in practice

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UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya
Institut Agama Islam Miftahul Ulum Lumajang
University of Brawijaya
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Rekan penulis	Organisasi	Artikel bersama
Fahruddin Ali Sabri	UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya	2
Muhammad Aminuddin Shofi	Institut Agama Islam Miftahul Ulum Lumajang	1
Erlin Indaya Ningsih	Institut Agama Islam Miftahul Ulum Lumajang	1
M. Sulthon	UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya	1
Mohammad Isfironi	UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya	1
Mukhammad Nur Hadi	UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya	1
A. Mufti Khazin	UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya	1

Afiliasi berasal dari OpenAlex; metadata OAI-PMH jurnal tidak memuatnya. Penulis tanpa ID OpenAlex dicocokkan berdasarkan nama, sehingga dua orang bisa tergabung atau satu orang bisa terpisah.

Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/adalah/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.

Metadata asli (oai_dc)

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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Criminalization of Unregistered Marriage in Indonesia: A Legal System Analysis Based on Friedman's Theory</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Rosyadi, Imron</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Fuad, Helmy Ziaul</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Zaimuddin, Ashlaha Baladina</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">criminal</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">legal system</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">lawrence M. Friedman</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">marriage</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">This article examines the criminal provisions stipulated in Chapter IX, Article 45 of Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975, concerning the Implementation of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage, using the three elements of Lawrence M. Friedman's legal system: Legal Substance, Legal Structure, and Legal Culture. The research method combines a literature review with descriptive normative legal research. This study identifies the high rate of unregistered marriages in Indonesia, which contrasts with the decline in official marriages, reflecting the ineffectiveness of Article 45 of Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975 in enforcing criminal sanctions. Analysis of the Lawrence Legal System reveals that the substance of the law is flawed because criminalization is regulated through derivative regulations, contrary to the principle of nullum crimen sine lege. Institutionally, the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA) and the Civil Registry Office need to strengthen their functions, supported by consistent law enforcement by professional officials. Meanwhile, the low public awareness of marriage registration requires inclusive policies that integrate cultural approaches and context-based education. These findings contribute theoretically to the development of understanding regarding the effectiveness of criminal law enforcement in the context of marriage law while also suggesting the need for more decisive and comprehensive policy reforms to improve the implementation of the law and public legal awareness in practice</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-06-15</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/adalah/article/view/22779</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.24042/adalah.v221.22779</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Al-'Adalah; Vol. 22 No. 1 (2025): Al-'Adalah; 147-180</dc:source>
	<dc:source xml:lang="id">al-'adalah; Vol 22 No 1 (2025): Al-'Adalah; 147-180</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2614-171X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>0854-1272</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.24042/gj6ay156</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/adalah/article/view/22779/9545</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Imron Rosyadi</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>