Reconstructing Islamic Legal Norms in Environmental Governance: A Maqasid-Based Legal Critique of Indonesia’s Resource Policies

Abstrak

Inggris

This study examines the integration of Islamic legal principles into Indonesia’s natural resource governance, with a particular focus on sustainability and social justice. The research is motivated by the exploitative and anthropocentric orientation of current policies, which neglect intergenerational equity and ecological justice. To address this gap, the study employs a normative-juridical method with a critical approach, analyzing law as a system of norms rather than merely as social practice. Sources include statutory laws such as the Minerba Law and Job Creation Law, relevant fatwas issued by the Indonesian Council of Ulama, as well as Qur’anic and Hadith texts interpreted through the framework of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. Case studies of deforestation in Kalimantan and mining conflicts in West Nusa Tenggara are presented to contextualize the neglect of Islamic values in environmental management. The findings reveal four structural problems: legal dualism between state law and Islamic ethics, weak institutionalization of sharia principles, sectoral fragmentation in governance, and centralization of authority that marginalizes indigenous communities. These issues contribute to the persistent neglect of maslahah, ‘adl, and environmental justice in public policy. The study proposes a maqāṣid-based reconstruction of legal norms through ijtihād maqāṣidī and taḥqīq al-manāṭ as methodological tools to realign governance with ethical and ecological imperatives. Recommendations include revising extractive laws, integrating environmental fatwas into statutory frameworks, strengthening participatory governance, and establishing a Maqāṣid Commission for ecological oversight. In conclusion, the research demonstrates that reconstructing Islamic law through maqāṣid not only fills the ethical gap in Indonesia’s regulatory system but also offers a transformative model for just, participatory, and sustainable environmental governance.

Bahasa Indonesia

Indonesia sebagai negara yang kaya akan sumber daya alam menghadapi berbagai tantangan dalam mencapai pengelolaan sumber daya tersebut yang berkelanjutan dan merata. Masalah seperti eksploitasi berlebihan, degradasi lingkungan, ketidakadilan sosial, dan ketimpangan dalam distribusi kekayaan memperburuk situasi. Di tengah kompleksitas tersebut, hukum Islam menawarkan prinsip-prinsip yang dapat menjadi landasan pengelolaan sumber daya alam yang lebih berkelanjutan dan berkeadilan, termasuk tauhid, khilafah, maslahah, dan keadilan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi potensi integrasi prinsip-prinsip hukum Islam ke dalam kebijakan pengelolaan sumber daya alam di Indonesia. Ini menganalisis penerapan prinsip-prinsip Islam dalam konteks ini, meneliti tantangan dan peluang yang muncul dari implementasinya sambil mempertimbangkan keragaman sosial, budaya, dan agama Indonesia. Selain itu, studi ini memberikan rekomendasi kebijakan untuk mengoptimalkan integrasi hukum Islam dalam pengelolaan sumber daya alam untuk menciptakan sistem manajemen yang lebih adil, berkelanjutan, dan penuh kasih yang mengutamakan kesejahteraan umat (masyarakat). Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa hukum Islam dapat menawarkan solusi yang layak untuk masalah pengelolaan sumber daya alam yang dihadapi Indonesia saat ini, terutama dengan fokus pada kelestarian lingkungan dan keadilan sosial untuk generasi mendatang.

Kata kunci

• Islamic Environmental Ethics
• Maqasid al-Shariah
• Resource Governance
• Policy Reform
• Hukum Islam
• Sumber Daya Alam
• Keberlanjutan
• Keadilan Sosial