Analysis of Maternal Factors with the Incidence of LBW Infants at Situbondo Health Center: Study of Cohort Register Data in 2020: Analisa Faktor Ibu dengan Kejadian Bayi BBLR di Puskesmas Situbondo: Studi Data Register Kohort Tahun 2020

Abstrak

Inggris

Background: Infant mortality rate (IMR), especially in the perinatal period, is caused by the condition of low-birth-weight babies (LBW). The nutritional and health conditions of pregnant women play an important role in determining the nutritional status of infants starting during pregnancy. Maternal factors are one of the causes of LBW in infants. Objectives: Analyzing maternal factors (parity, Hemoglobin (Hb) level of the mother during pregnancy, age of the mother during pregnancy, nutritional status of the mother during pregnancy (chronic energy deficiency = KEK), and the distance between pregnancies that cause the incidence of LBW babies at the Situbondo Health Center in 2020. Methods: The case-control method was used in this study by using cohort register data at the Situbondo Health Center. In March 2022, data were collected from 82 mothers including 41 mothers of LBW babies as a case group and 41 mothers of the control group who did not have LBW babies. Data were analyzed using chi-square test. Results: The results proved that maternal hemoglobin level was associated with the incidence of LBW babies (p=0.026; OR=3.088; 95%; CI=1.240-7.692). However, the variables of parity, maternal age during pregnancy, maternal nutritional status (SEZ), and pregnancy distance were not associated with the incidence of LBW babies. Conclusions: Low Hb levels in pregnant women have a higher risk of delivering LBW babies. It is recommended that pregnancy checks be carried out by pregnant women regularly at least 6 visits to health facilities and it is recommended to take blood supplement tablets regularly, eat healthy foods and do not believe in myths that are detrimental to the health of pregnant women.

Bahasa Indonesia

Latar belakang: Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB) terutama pada masa perinatal disebabkan oleh kondisi bayi dengan Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR). Kondisi gizi dan kesehatan ibu hamil memiliki peran yang penting dalam menentukan status gizi bayi mulai saat masa kehamilan. Faktor maternal merupakan salah satu penyebab BBLR pada bayi. Tujuan: Menganalisis faktor ibu (paritas, kadar Hemoglobin (Hb) ibu saat hamil, usia ibu saat hamil, status gizi ibu saat hamil (kekurangan energi kronis = KEK) dan jarak antar kehamilan yang menyebabkan kejadian bayi BBLR di Puskesmas Situbondo Tahun 2020. Metode: Metode case control digunakan pada penelitian ini dengan memanfaatkan data register kohort pada puskesmas Situbondo. Pada Bulan Maret 2022, data dikumpulkan dari 82 ibu meliputi 41 ibu bayi dengan kondisi BBLR sebagai kelompok kasus dan 41 ibu kelompok kontrol yaitu ibu dengan bayi tidak BBLR. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil: Kadar Hemoglobin saat kehamilan berhubungan dengan kejadian bayi BBLR (p=0,026; OR=3,088; 95%; CI=1,240-7,692). Namun, variabel paritas, usia ibu saat hamil, status KEK ibu, dan jarak kehamilan tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian bayi BBLR. Kesimpulan: Kadar Hb rendah pada ibu hamil berisiko lebih tinggi untuk melahirkan bayi BBLR. Dianjurkan pemeriksaan kehamilan dilakukan secara minimal 6 kali kunjungan ke layanan kesehatan dan disarankan untuk konsumsi tablet tambah darah secara teratur, mengonsumsi makanan yang sehat dan tidak percaya mitos yang merugikan kesehatan ibu hamil.

Kata kunci

• BBLR
• Faktor ibu
• Kunjungan ANC
• Mitos kehamilan
• Kadar Hemoglobin
• LBW
• Maternal factors
• Antenatal care
• Myths of pregnant women
• Hemoglobin level