Study Characteristics of School Adolescent Girls on Iron Folic Acid Supplementation Program as the Prevention of Anemia in Adolescent: Studi Karakteristik Siswi Penerima Program Tablet Tambah Darah sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Anemia pada Remaja

Abstrak

Inggris

Background: Efforts to accelerate stunting reduction involve specific and sensitive nutrition interventions. School adolescent girls are the target group in reducing stunting through anemia prevention. Iron folic acid (IFA) supplementation program is the specific nutrition intervention to prevent anemia in adolescent girls. Objectives: This research aims to study the characteristics of students who received the IFA supplementation program. Methods: Research design was a cross sectional that involved 123 students from 12 public high schools in Cianjur District, West Java Province. Student's characteristics consist of knowledge on anemia and their adherence on IFA supplementation program. Data collection is carried out by self-administering questionnaires monitored by enumerator. Data is performed by using mean ± SD and n (%). Results: Student's knowledge on anemia mostly (61.8%) were categorized as low, as 30.9% were moderate, and only 7.3% were high. Students (44.7%) knew how to detect anemia is by measuring blood hemoglobin levels. As of 59.3% and 51.2% students knew the main causes of anemia are inadequate iron intake and blood loss during menstruation. Approximately 60-80% students recognized the common symptoms and sign of anemia. Most students (76.8%) have received IFA on a weekly basis and 41.2% students acknowledge their adherence in the IFA consumption with aim to prevent anemia (85.1%), the rest 23.4% and 14.9% due to the advice by the teachers and health officers. Students who have no adherence were due to their fear on the side effects, the tablet taste, forgetfulness, and feeling healthy. Conclusions: Iron folic acid supplementation program have been conducted and well targeted, however, student's understanding on the objectives, benefit, and their adherence is needed to be gained.

Bahasa Indonesia

Latar Belakang: Upaya percepatan penurunan stunting melibatkan intervensi gizi spesifik dan sensitif. Remaja putri (siswi) sekolah merupakan kelompok sasaran dalam penurunan stunting melalui pencegahan anemia. Program Suplementasi Tablet Tambah Darah (TTD) merupakan intervensi gizi spesifik dalam pencegahan anemia pada remaja putri. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji karakteristik siswi sebagai penerima program TTD. Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional dengan melibatkan sebanyak 123 siswi dari 12 sekolah menengah atas negeri/sederajat di Wilayah Kabupaten Cianjur, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Karakteristik siswi terdiri dari pengetahuan siswi tentang anemia dan kepatuhan terhadap suplementasi TTD. Hasil: Pengetahuan siswi tentang anemia sebagian besar (61,8%) berada pada kategori rendah, 30,9% siswi berpengetahuan sedang, dan 7,3% siswi berpengetahuan tinggi. Siswi (44,7%) mengetahui cara untuk mendeteksi anemia adalah melalui pemeriksaan kadar hemoglobin dalam darah. Sebanyak 59,3% dan 51,2% siswi mengetahui penyebab anemia adalah kurang asupan zat besi dan kehilangan banyak darah akibat menstruasi. Sebanyak 60-80% siswi telah mengenali gejala dan tanda yang umum dari anemia. Sebagian besar siswi (76,8%) menerima TTD setiap minggu dan sebanyak 41,2% siswi mengakui patuh dalam mengonsumsi TTD dengan tujuan agar tidak anemia (85,1%), sisanya 23,4% dan 14,9% karena diarahkan oleh Guru dan Petugas Puskesmas. Sebanyak 58,8% siswi tidak patuh dengan alasan takut terhadap efek samping, rasa tablet, faktor lupa, dan sudah merasa sehat. Kesimpulan: Program suplementasi TTD sudah berjalan dan tepat sasaran, namun pemahaman siswi terhadap tujuan, manfaat, dan kepatuhan terhadap suplementasi TTD perlu ditingkatkan.

Kata kunci

• anemia
• remaja putri
• siswi sekolah
• stunting
• tablet tambah darah
• Adolescent girls
• Iron Folic Acid
• School Girls