Nutritional Status and Motor Development of Toddlers Aged 24-59 Months in Agricultural Area of Semarang District: Status Gizi dan Perkembangan Motorik Balita Usia 24-59 Bulan di Wilayah Pertanian Kabupaten Semarang

Abstrak

Inggris

Background: Poor nutritional status during the growth and development of toddlers is irreversible. It can affect the inadequate functioning of various body systems, including the nervous and muscular systems that play a role in motor development. The trend of food intake in agricultural areas is vegetable consumption, while low animal protein intake will affect the nutritional status and development of toddlers. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the correlation between nutritional status and motor development in toddlers aged 24-59 months in agricultural areas. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a sample size of 65 subjects aged 24-59 months in Sumowono, Semarang Regency, Central Java. The variables studied were nutritional status weight-for-age z-scores (WAZ), weight-for-height z-scores (WHZ), and height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) measured using digital and microtome scales, as well as gross motor and fine motor development measurements with observations and interviews based on the Standard of Child Development Achievement (STPPA) questionnaire. Univariate and bivariate data were then analyzed statistically using the Spearman rank correlation test. Results: Based on anthropometric measurements, 10.8% of toddlers were underweight; 1.5% were overweight; 4.6% were wasting; 9.2% had a possible risk of being overweight; and 40% were stunted. A total of 15.4% of toddlers had severe gross motor delays, and 13.8% had fine motor delays. WAZ (p-value=0.003; r=0.366) and HAZ (p-valuelt;0.001; r=0.633) had relationships with gross motor skills. Both WAZ (p-value=0.019; r=0.291) and HAZ (p-valuelt;0.001; r=0.719) also had relationships with fine motor skills. However, there was no relationship between WHZ with gross motor (p-value=0.935) and fine motor (p-value=0.168). Conclusions: Toddlers with good nutritional status (WAZ and HAZ) will have good gross and fine motor development.

Bahasa Indonesia

Latar Belakang: Status gizi yang buruk pada masa pertumbuhan dan perkembangan balita bersifat irreversible yang dapat berdampak pada tidak optimalnya berbagai fungsi sistem tubuh, termasuk sistem saraf dan otot yang memiliki peran dalam perkembangan motorik. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan status gizi dan perkembangan motorik balita usia 24-59 bulan di wilayah pertanian. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross-sectional dengan jumlah subjek 59 balita berusia 24-59 bulan di Kecamatan Sumowono, Kabupaten Semarang. Variabel yang diteliti yaitu status gizi (BB/U, BB/TB, TB/U) berdasarkan data berat badan dan tinggi badan diukur menggunakan timbangan digital dan microtoise serta perkembangan motorik kasar dan motorik halus diukur dengan observasi dan wawancara berdasarkan Pedoman Penilaian Pembelajaran Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (2015). Analisis statistik univariat dan bivariat dengan uji korelasi Rank Spearman. Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran antropometri, sebanyak 10,8% balita memiliki berat badan kurang, 1,5 % berat badan berlebih, 4,6% gizi kurang, 9,2% gizi lebih, dan 40% pendek. Sebanyak 15,4% balita mengalami keterlambatan perkembangan motorik kasar dan 13,8% pada motorik halus. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara status gizi BB/U dan TB/U dengan motorik kasar (berturut-turut p=0,003; r=0,366 dan plt;0,001; r=0,633) dan motorik halus (berturut-turut p=0,019; r=0,291 dan plt;0,001; r=0,719), tetapi tidak terdapat hubungan antara status gizi BB/TB dengan motorik kasar (p=0,935; r=0,010) dan motorik halus (0,168; r=-0,173). Kesimpulan: Perkembangan motorik kasar dan halus dipengaruhi oleh status gizi BB/U dan TB/U.

Kata kunci

• balita
• perkembangan motorik
• Status gizi
• wilayah pertanian
• Toddlers
• Motor Development
• Nutritional Status
• Agricultural Area