The Effect of Food Accessibility on Family Food Preference Practices in Semarang during a Pandemic: Pengaruh Aksesibilitas Bahan Pangan terhadap Praktik Pemilihan Makanan Keluarga di Kota Semarang selama Masa Pandemi

Abstrak

Inggris

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed behavior and community's economic activities in Indonesia, resulting in a decrease in family food security. Good family food security is indicated by adequate food availability both in quantity and quality. Food resources should be safe, diverse, nutritious, evenly distributed, and accessible. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the effect of accessibility to family groceries on family diet practices in Semarang City during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted online in Semarang City in 2022. A total of 108 mothers of elementary school students were recruited using a purposive sampling technique. Data on general characteristics were obtained from an online questionnaire, while data on distance, affordability, sources of health information, and diet practices were obtained using a questionnaire which was then scored. The statistical analysis was conducted using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of 0.05. Results: The age of the mothers ranged from 36-45 years (64.8%); most of the mothers had a bachelor's degree (93.5%); the mothers worked (50.9%); the family income level was above Rp 2,800,000 (89.8%). Accessibility to information sources was limited in most cases (57.4%); the mothers' purchasing accessibility was high (63.9%); and they mostly could access food sources (71.3%). Most of the mothers had good diet practices (66.7%). Variables that showed a significant relationship with diet practices were accessibility to foodstuff (p = 0.001). Other variables that contributed to diet practices were the mothers' education (p = 0.040), occupation (p = 0.002), and family income (p = 0.006). Conclusions: There was a relationship between accessibility to food and diet practices.

Bahasa Indonesia

Latar Belakang: Pandemi Covid-19 berdampak pada perubahan perilaku dan aktivitas ekonomi masyarakat sehingga mengakibatkan penurunan ketahanan pangan keluarga di masyarakat. Ketahanan pangan keluarga yang baik diindikasikan dengan tercukupinya ketersediaan pangan baik jumlah maupun mutunya, aman, beragam, bergizi, merata, dan aksesibilitas terjangkau. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh aksesibilitas pembelian bahan makanan terhadap praktik pemilihan makanan keluarga di Kota Semarang selama pandemi. Metode: Penelitian cross-sectional ini dilaksanakan di Semarang secara online pada tahun 2022. Sebanyak 108 ibu dari siswa sekolah dasar direkrut dengan teknik purposive sampling. Data pada karakteristik umum, keterjangkauan jarak, affordability, keterjangkauan sumber informasi kesehatan, dan praktik pemilihan makanan diperoleh dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis statistik yang digunakan yaitu uji Chi-Square pada analisis bivariat. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usia ibu dengan rentang 36-45 tahun (64,8%), tingkat pendidikan ibu sebagian besar sarjana (93,5%), ibu bekerja (50,9%), tingkat pendapatan keluarga berada di atas Rp 2.800.000 (89,8%). Aksesibilitas terhadap sumber informasi yang diakses terbatas (57,4%), aksesibilitas pembelian tinggi (63,9%) dan dapat mengakses sumber bahan pangan (71,3%). Praktik pemilihan makanan yang baik (66,7%). Variabel yang menunjukkan hubungan signifikan dengan praktik pemilihan makanan adalah aksesibilitas terhadap bahan pangan (p-value=0.001). Variabel lain yang turut mempengaruhi adalah pendidikan ibu (p-value=0.040), pekerjaan ibu (p-value=0.002) dan pendapatan keluarga (p-value=0.006). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara aksesibilitas terhadap bahan pangan dengan pemilihan makanan keluarga. Kata kunci: Aksesibilitas pangan, Covid-19, Ketahanan Pangan, Pemilihan Makanan

Kata kunci

• Aksesibilitas pangan
• Covid-19
• Ketahanan Pangan
• Pemilihan Makanan
• Food Accessibility
• Food Security
• Diet Practices