Protective Effect of Banana, Cassava, and Corn Flours on Hepatotoxicity of Malnourished Male Rats: Efek Protektif Tepung Pisang, Singkong dan Jagung terhadap Hepatotoksisitas Tikus Jantan Malnutrisi

Abstrak

Inggris

Background: Malnutrition-induced hepatotoxicity is defined as liver damage caused by insufficient nutrition, which results in oxidative stress and damage to liver cells. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of banana, cassava, and corn flours on hepatotoxicity induced by malnutrition in male rats. Methods: Twenty-four male rats were divided into six groups (n=4): (1) rats received 30 g/rat normal feed daily for 45 days; (2) rats received 30 g malnutrition feed daily for 45 days; rats received 30 g/rat malnutrition feed daily for 15 days and then treated with normal feed (3), banana flour (4), cassava flour (5), and corn flour (6), for 30 days. The malnutrition groups received a diet with protein deficiency for 15 days, then were treated with a diet according to each treatment group. The liver enzymes were analyzed, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Furthermore, the liver's histopathological changes in each group were evaluated using Hematoxylin eosin staining. Results: The AST levels in malnourished male rats significantly (p<0.05) increased (240.75±67.23 U/L) compared to the control group (170.00±33.52 U/L). While, the ALT levels (66.75±12.69 U/L) were decreased compared to the control group (98.75±26.61 U/L). Furthermore, malnutrition diet in rats caused significant changes in liver histology, including inflammatory cell infiltration, necrosis, congestion of the central vein, cytoplasmic vacuolization, and widened hepatic sinusoid. Interestingly, normalized AST and ALT levels and improved liver histology were observed in malnourished rats after receiving normal feed and flour of banana, cassava, and corn. Conclusions: Banana, cassava, and corn flours exhibited hepatoprotective activity on malnutrition-induced hepatotoxicity in malnourhised male rats.

Bahasa Indonesia

Latar Belakang: Hepatotoksisitas akibat malnutrisi mengacu pada kerusakan hati yang terjadi akibat nutrisi yang tidak memadai, sehingga menyebabkan stres oksidatif dan kerusakan sel hati. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi potensi efek perlindungan tepung pisang, singkong, dan jagung terhadap hepatotoksisitas yang disebabkan oleh malnutrisi pada tikus jantan. Metode: Dua puluh empat tikus jantan dibagi menjadi enam kelompok (n=4): (1) tikus dengan 30 g pakan normal setiap hari selama 45 hari; (2) tikus dengan 30 g pakan malnutrisi setiap hari selama 45 hari; tikus dengan pakan malnutrisi (30 g) setiap hari selama 15 hari dan kemudian diberi perlakuan dengan pakan normal (3), tepung pisang (4), tepung singkong (5), dan tepung jagung (6), selama 30 hari. Kelompok malnutrisi menerima diet dengan defisiensi protein selama 15 hari, kemudian diberi diet sesuai dengan masing-masing kelompok perlakuan. Enzim hati dianalisis, termasuk kadar aspartat aminotransferase (AST) dan alanin aminotransferase (ALT). Selanjutnya, perubahan histopatologi hati pada masing-masing kelompok dievaluasi dengan menggunakan pewarnaan Hematoxylin eosin. Hasil: Kadar AST pada tikus jantan malnutrisi meningkat signifikan (p<0,05) (240,75±67,23 U/L) dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (170,00±33,52 U/L). Sedangkan kadar ALT (66,75±12,69 U/L) mengalami penurunan dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (98,75±26,61 U/L). Selain itu, pola makan malnutrisi pada tikus menyebabkan perubahan signifikan pada histologi hati, antara lain infiltrasi sel inflamasi, nekrosis, kongesti vena sentral, vakuolisasi sitoplasma, dan pelebaran sinusoid hati. Menariknya, kadar AST dan ALT yang dinormalisasi dan perbaikan histologi hati diamati pada tikus yang kekurangan gizi setelah menerima pakan normal dan tepung pisang, singkong, dan jagung. Kesimpulan: Tepung pisang, singkong, dan jagung menunjukkan aktivitas hepatoprotektif terhadap hepatotoksisitas akibat malnutrisi pada tikus jantan malnutrisi.

Kata kunci

• Hepatotoksisitas
• Malnutrisi
• Tepung Pisang
• Singkong
• Jagung
• Hepatotoxicity
• Malnutrition
• Flour of Banana
• Cassava
• Corn