Relationship between Anemia Status, Sleep Quality, and Cognitive Ability among Young Women Aged 15-24 Years in Indonesia (Analysis of Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) 5): Hubungan Status Anemia, Kualitas Tidur, dan Kemampuan Kognitif pada Wanita Muda Usia 15-24 Tahun di lndonesia (Analisis Data Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) 5)

Abstrak

Inggris

Background: Anemia is still one of the nutrition problems in Indonesia. Women of reproductive age, including the age group 15-24 years, is a group with higher risk of anemia. Iron deficiency anemia is a common cause of anemia. Iron is one of the micronutrients that important for the body, including brain. Some studies suggest that iron deficiency is associated with sleep quality and cognitive ability. Iron has a complex effect on the dopaminergic system by being a cofactor of tyrosine hydroxylase which is part of dopamine D2 receptor function. Neuromodulation by the dopaminergic system plays an important role in sleep regulation. It can also interfere with the brain's ability to spread nerve impulses that have potential to cause several disorders, one of which is motor and cognitive disorders. Objectives: This study aims to determine the relationship of anemia status with sleep quality and cognitive abilities in young women aged 15-24 years in Indonesia based on IFLS 5. Methods: This study used cross sectional design and secondary data from IFLS 5 with subjects totaling 2016 young women aged 15-24 years. This study used chi-square as statistical test with significance level p<0.05. Results: The prevalence of anemia in young women aged 15-24 years was 39.93%. It was found that there was no relationship between anemia status and sleep quality consisting of sleep disturbance (p=0.624) and sleep quality (p=0.693) and there was no relationship between anemia and cognitive ability (p=0.702). Conclusions: Anemia status has no significant relationship with sleep quality and cognitive ability.

Bahasa Indonesia

Latar Belakang: Anemia merupakan salah satu permasalahan gizi di Indonesia. Perempuan yang berada dalam rentang usia 14-50 tahun memiliki risiko lebih tinggi mengalami anemia. Anemia defisiensi zat besi merupakan penyebab umum kejadian anemia. Defisiensi zat besi dapat berpengaruh pada otak sehingga dapat mengakibatkan terjadi gangguan regulasi tidur, perkembangan mental, kinerja motorik, kemampuan kognitif, hingga perilaku. Tujuan: mengetahui hubungan status anemia dengan kualitas tidur dan kemampuan kognitif pada remaja putri usia 12-24 tahun di Indonesia. Metode: Penelitian dengan desain penelitian cross sectional ini menggunakan data sekunder dari IFLS gelombang lima dengan subjek penelitian berjumlah 2016 orang remaja putri yang berusia 12-24 tahun. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah chi square Hasil: Diketahui bahwa prevalensi anemia pada remaja putri usia 12-24 tahun sebesar 39,93%. Di akhir penelitian, ditemukan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan antara status anemia terhadap kualitas tidur yang terdiri dari gangguan tidur (p=0,624) dan kualitas tidur (p=0,693) serta kemampuan kognitif (p=0,702). Kesimpulan: Status anemia tidak memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan kualitas tidur dan kemampuan kognitif.

Kata kunci

• anemia
• remaja
• tidur
• kognitif
• kecerdasan
• Women
• Sleep
• Cognitive
• Intelligence