The Effect of Vitamin D3-Fortified Goat Milk Kefir on hs-CRP Levels of Type 2 Diabetic Rattus Norvegicus Rats: An Experimental Study: Pengaruh Kefir Susu Kambing Terfortifikasi Vitamin D3 terhadap Kadar hs-CRP Tikus Rattus Norvegicus DM Tipe 2: Studi Eksperimental

Abstrak

Inggris

Background: Insulin resistance and chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes are linked to the synthesis of the inflammatory biomarker hs-CRP. Goat milk kefir and vitamin D have anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. Objectives: Aimed to evaluate the impact of goat milk kefir fortified with vitamin D3 on hs-CRP levels of diabetic rats. Methods: Twenty-one male Rattus norvegicus rats were randomly divided into four groups for a 35-day study: Control (C), Diabetes Mellitus (DM), unfortified goat milk kefir treatment (P1), and vitamin D3-enriched goat milk kefir treatment (P2). Diabetes was induced via intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at 65 mg/kg BW and nicotinamide (NA) at 230 mg/kg BW. Goat milk kefir was administered orally at 2 mL/200 g BW/day, with the fortified version containing 600 IU of vitamin D3 per 100 mL. Fasting blood glucose levels and serum hs-CRP were measured pre- and post-intervention using the GOD-PAP and ELISA methods, respectively. Data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate methods in GraphPad Prism 8. Results: There was a statistically insignificant decrease in hs-CRP levels in the P2 group (p-value=0.21) and in the P1 group (p-value=0.63), suggesting limited impact on inflammation. However, there was a statistically significant drop in blood glucose levels in the P2 group (∆FBG -65.50±35.44 mg/dL, p-value=0.03) and in the P1 group (∆FBG -81.63±50.07 mg/dL, p-value=0.05). Conclusions: The reduction in hs-CRP levels indicates that vitamin D3-fortified kefir may help modulate low-grade inflammation and shows promise in managing diabetes. Future research should examine dose, duration, and sample size for better efficacy assessment.

Bahasa Indonesia

Latar Belakang: Resistensi insulin dan hiperglikemia kronis pada diabetes mellitus merangsang sintesis hs-CRP (High-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein) sebagai biomarker inflamasi. Kefir susu kambing dan vitamin D memiliki efek anti-diabetes dan anti-inflamasi. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh kefir susu kambing yang difortifikasi vitamin D3 terhadap kadar Hs-CRP tikus diabetes mellitus tipe 2. Metode: Sebanyak 21 ekor tikus jantan Rattus norvegicus dibagi secara acak ke dalam 4 kelompok penelitian selama 35 hari: Kontrol (K), Diabetes Melitus (DM), Perlakuan kefir susu kambing tanpa fortifikasi (P1), dan Perlakuan kefir susu kambing yang difortifikasi vitamin D3 (P2). Diabetes diinduksi melalui injeksi intraperitoneal streptozotosin (STZ) sebesar 65 mg/kg BB dan nikotinamida (NA) sebesar 230 mg/kg BB. Kefir susu kambing diberikan secara oral sebanyak 2 mL/200 g BB/hari, dengan dosis fortifikasi vitamin D3 sebesar 600 IU per 100 mL kefir. Kadar glukosa darah puasa dan hs-CRP serum diukur sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan menggunakan metode GOD-PAP dan ELISA. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis bivariat dan multivariat dengan GraphPad Prism 8. Hasil: Terdapat penurunan kadar hs-CRP yang tidak signifikan pada kelompok P2 (p-value=0,21) dan P1 (p-value=0,63), diperkirakan tidak ada dampak peradangan yang berarti. Di sisi lain, terjadi penurunan signifikan kadar GDP pada kelompok P1 (∆GDP -81,63±50,07 mg/dL dan p-value=0,05) dan P2 (∆GDP -65,50±35,44 mg/dL dan p-value= 0,03). Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh pemberian kefir susu kambing terfortifikasi vitamin D3 terhadap kadar hs-CRP tikus Rattus norvegicus diabetes mellitus, namun tidak signifikan. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan sampel lebih banyak. Kefir yang difortifikasi memiliki potensi manfaat dalam menurunkan glukosa darah pasien DM.

Kata kunci

• Kefir
• Susu Kambing
• hs-CRP
• Fortifikasi Vitamin D3
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Goat Milk
• Vitamin D3 Fortification