Association between Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Dietary Inflammatory Index with Metabolic Syndrome in Young Adult Women with Obesity in Semarang, Indonesia

Abstrak

Inggris

Background: Dietary habits among young adults are increasingly shaped by viral food trends, which are typically energy-dense and nutrient-poor. Such dietary patterns may promote insulin resistance and inflammation, increasing the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), particularly among obese women. Objectives: This study investigated the association of dietary Glycemic Index (GI), Glycemic Load (GL), and Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among obese young women in Semarang, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during the COVID-19 community activity restriction period. The study involved 126 women aged 19–25 years with abdominal obesity, waist circumference >80 cm. Dietary GI and GL values were estimated using the International Tables of Glycemic Index, while DII scores were calculated based on the overall inflammatory potential of the diet. Results: Metabolic syndrome was identified in 11.9% of participants. Mean dietary GI, GL and DII were 176.7±44.4; 458.4±183.3; and 28.76±267.7, with 71.4% of participantsnconsuming pro-inflammatory diets and 28.6% consuming anti-inflammatory diets. No significant associations were observed between MetS and dietary GI (p-value=0.066), GL (p-value=0.207), or DII (p-value=0.362). Nevertheless, significant relationships were found between dietary profiles and individual MetS components. Higher GI was associated with triglyceride (p=0.008), GL was related to HDL-cholesterol (p-value=0.009), and DII was associated with fasting blood glucose (p-value=0.022). Conclusions: Dietary GI, GL, and DII were not significantly associated with the occurrence of metabolic syndrome among obese young women. However, these dietary indicators were linked to specific metabolic syndrome parameters, suggesting their potential influence on metabolic health outcomes.

Bahasa Indonesia

Latar Belakang: Pola konsumsi yang mengikuti trend makanan viral tinggi kalori rendah zat gizi mikro memiliki efek insulinogenic dan peradangan sehingga berisiko pada kejadian sindrom metabolik pada wanita dewasa muda. Tujuan: Analisis hubungan antara Glycemic Index (GI), Glycemic Load (GL) dan Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) dengan kejadian sindrom metabolik pada wanita obesitas di Semarang. Metode: Penelitian ini dilaksanakan saat adanya pembatasan kegiatan masyarakat akibat pandemic COVID-19. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan consecutive sampling dan design cross-sectional. Jumlah subjek 126 orang dengan karakteristik wanita obesitas abdominal (LP>80cm), usia 19-25 tahun di wilayah Kota Semarang, Indonesia. Pedoman konversi diet GI dan GL menggunakan International table of glycemic index, sedangkan diet DII overall inflammatory effect score. Hasil: Sebanyak 11,9% subjek mengalami Sindrom Metabolik. Rerata asupan harian GI 176,7±44,4 dan GL 458,4±183,3. Rerata skor DII 28,76±267,7 dengan riwayat asupan pada diet pro-inflamasi 71,4% dan diet anti-inflamasi 28,6%. Uji hubungan dihasilkan proporsi SM pada diet GI tertinggi 21,4% (p-value=0,066). Sedangkan diet GL tertinggi 16,7% (p-value=0,207). Subjek dengan status SM yang memiliki profil diet anti-inflamasi 16,7% dan pro-inflamasi 10% (p-value=0,362). Sementara uji hubungan profil diet pada parameter SM menyatakan bahwa diet GI berhubungan dengan TG (p-value=0,008), diet GL berhubungan dengan HDL-C (p-value=0,009), dan diet DII berhubungan dengan GDP (p-value=0,022). Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara GI, GL dan DII dengan kejadian SM. Sementara pada parameter SM, terdapat hubungan profil diet GI dengan kejadian TG, profil diet GL dengan kejadian HDL-C, dan profil diet DII dengan GDP.

Kata kunci

• Obesitas
• Glycemic Index
• Glycemic Load
• Dietary Inflammatory Index
• Sindrom Metabolik
• Obesity
• Glycemic Index (GI)
• Glycemic Load (GL)
• Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII)
• Metabolic Syndrome (MetS)