The Maternal, Dietary Diversity, and Immunization Completeness Factors as the Determinants of Two-Year-Old Toddler Stunting in Kalinyamatan District Jepara Regency: Faktor Maternal, Keragaman Pangan dan Kelengkapan Imunisasi sebagai Determinan Stunting Baduta di Kecamatan Kalinyamatan Kabupaten Jepara

Abstrak

Inggris

Background: Stunting affects the quality of a country's human resources so it is important to prevent and overcome it. Stunting cases in Kalinyamatan Jepara District have increased from 12.4% in 2021 to 18.9% in 2022 and to 19.05% in 2023. Objectives: This research analyzed the stunting risk factors of two-year-old toddlers in Kalinyamatan district, Jepara Regency. Methods: This case-control study involved 77 stunting children and 77 normal children. The researchers selected the subjects at the integrated health care service with the highest number of visitors of two-year-old toddlers from 12 villages in Kalinyamatan district, Jepara regency, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research lasted from March to April 2024. The researchers collected the primary data with a questionnaire and the dietary diversity with a food recall questionnaire for 2x24 hours. Secondary data was collected from the mother-child health book (KIA). Results: The results showed no differences in terms of ages and sex types from both stunting and normal children. The multivariate analysis with logistic regression test found a correlation between the anemia history during pregnancy (OR:2.75; 95% CI:1.31 – 5.78; p:0.007), career woman status (OR: 2.81; 95% CI: 1.24-6.37; p:0.014), low birth weight (OR: 3.98; 95% CI: 1.54-10.27; p:0.004), low dietary diversity (OR: 3.71; 95% CI: 1.63-8.44; p:0.002), and incomplete immunization (OR: 4.02; 95% CI: 1.66-9.74; p:0.002) with the stunting prevalence. Conclusions: Maternal (the anemia history during the pregnancy, career woman status, and low birth weight), lack of dietary diversity, and incomplete immunization become the simultaneous determinants of stunting risk factors for two-year-old toddlers in Kalinyamatan district, Jepara Regency.

Bahasa Indonesia

Latar Belakang: Kejadian stunting mempengaruhi kualitas sumber daya manusia suatu negara sehingga penting untuk dicegah dan ditanggulangi. Kasus stunting di Kecamatan Kalinyamatan Jepara meningkat dari 12,4% di tahun 2021 menjadi 18,9% di tahun 2022 dan menjadi 19,05% pada tahun 2023. Tujuan: Menganalisis determinan kejadian stunting pada anak bawah dua tahun di Kecamatan Kalinyamatan Kabupaten Jepara. Methods: Penelitian dengan studi kasus kontrol ini dilakukan pada 77 anak stunting dan 77 anak normal. Pemilihan subyek dilakukan di posyandu dengan pengunjung anak bawah dua (baduta) tahun terbanyak di semua 12 desa di Kecamatan Kalinyamatan Kabupaten Jepara yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan bulan Maret sampai April 2024. Pengumpulan data primer dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur, keragaman makanan dengan food recall 2x24 jam dan data sekunder memakai buku Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak (KIA). Data dianalisis dengan uji chi square dan regresi logistik. Hasil: Tidak ada perbedaan proporsi jenis kelamin dan usia baduta, jumlah paritas dan usia ibu, serta status bekerja ayah antara anak stunting dan normal. Determinan kejadian stunting adalah riwayat anemia selama hamil (OR:2,75; 95% CI:1,31 – 5,78; p:0,007), ibu bekerja (OR: 2,81; 95% CI: 1,24-6,37; p:0,014), berat badan lahir rendah (OR: 3,98; 95% CI: 1,54-10,27; p:0,004), keragaman pangan yang kurang (OR: 3,71; 95% CI: 1,63-8,44; p:0,002), dan imunisasi yang tidak lengkap (OR: 4,02; 95% CI: 1,66-9,74; p:0,002). Kesimpulan: Faktor maternal (anemia selama hamil, ibu bekerja dan Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR)), keragaman pangan yang kurang, dan imunisasi dasar tidak lengkap merupakan determinan kejadian stunting pada baduta di Kecamatan Kalinyamatan Kabupaten Jepara.

Kata kunci

• Determinan
• Stunting
• Keragaman pangan
• Imunisasi
• Determinant
• Dietary diversity
• Immunization