Behaviour Modification to Improve Profile of Diet Quality and Body Composition of Overweight and Obesity Islamic Students: Modifikasi Perilaku untuk Memperbaiki Profil Kualitas Diet dan Komposisi Tubuh Remaja Santri yang Kelebihan Berat Badan

Abstrak

Inggris

Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents is significantly high. Overweight and obesity among Islamic students (referred to as santri in Indonesian) are caused by low diet quality, characterized by inappropriate food intake and low physical activity (energy expenditure). Behavior modification is needed to improve diet quality and body composition. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the effects of a nutrition class on diet quality, body fat percentage, and waist circumference among female Islamic boarding school students. Methods: This quasi-experimental investigation employed a pre-post test group design with 34 subjects who met the inclusion criteria. The subjects consisted of 17 treatment and 17 control subjects. The treatment group participated in a santri nutrition class involving four nutrition education sessions and 12 aerobic exercise sessions in a month. Diet quality data were gathered using the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) form. Body fat percentage was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and waist circumference was measured using Medline. Data were analyzed using the independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test, Wilcoxon test, and paired t-test. Results: Subjects with overweight and obesity exhibited low diet quality. Differences in diet quality changes, variation, and adequacy components were observed between the treatment and control groups (p-value=0.001, 0.029, 0.001, respectively). There was no significant differences in changes in body fat percentage and waist circumference between the two groups (p-value=0.487, 0.385, respectively). Conclusions: The santri nutritional class positively impacts diet quality, variation score, adequacy score, and waist circumference among overweight and obese female Islamic boarding school students.

Bahasa Indonesia

Latar Belakang: Prevalensi remaja overweight dan obesitas meningkat. Overweight dan obesitas santri terjadi karena rendahnya kualitas diet yang digambarkan dengan ketidaksesuaian asupan makan dengan anjuran dan aktivitas fisik (pengeluaran energi) yang sedikit. Modifikasi perilaku diperlukan untuk memperbaiki profil kualitas diet dan komposisi tubuh. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh kelas gizi santri terhadap kualitas diet, persen lemak tubuh dan lingkar pinggang. Metode: Penelitian quasi-experimental dengan pre-post test group design melibatkan 34 subjek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Subjek terdiri dari 17 subjek perlakuan dan 17 subjek kontrol. Kelompok perlakuan diberikan intervensi kelas gizi santri berupa edukasi gizi 4× dan senam aerobik 12x dalam sebulan. Data kualitas diet diperoleh dari formulir Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I), persentase lemak tubuh diukur menggunakan Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), dan lingkar pinggang diukur menggunakan medline. Analisis meliputi uji independent t-test, paired t-test, wilcoxon, dan mann-whitney. Hasil: Remaja santri overweight (79,4%) dan obesitas (20,6%) memiliki kualitas diet yang rendah. Terdapat perbedaan pada perubahan kualitas diet, komponen variasi dan komponen kecukupan (p-value=0,001; p-value=0,029; p-value=0,001) antara kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol. Tidak terdapat perbedaan pada perubahan persen lemak tubuh dan lingkar pinggang (p-value=0,487, p-value=0,385) antara kedua kelompok. Kesimpulan: Kelas gizi santri berpengaruh terhadap kualitas diet, komponen skor variasi dan skor kecukupan serta lingkar pinggang remaja santri overweight dan obesitas.

Kata kunci

• Kelas Gizi Santri
• Kualitas Diet
• Lingkar Pinggang
• Persen Lemak Tubuh
• Santri Nutritional Class
• Diet Quality
• Waist Circumference
• Percent Body Fat