The Association of Food Security, Parenting Patterns, and Nutritional Adequacy Levels with Stunting among Toddlers Aged 6–59 Months at the Dawe Community Health Center, Kudus: Hubungan Ketahanan Pangan, Pola Asuh, dan Tingkat Kecukupan Gizi dengan Kejadian Stunting Balita 6-59 Bulan di Puskesmas Dawe, Kabupaten Kudus

Abstrak

Inggris

Background: Stunting is a significant issue in Kudus District, with a 2023 prevalence of 15.7%, driven by factors like parenting patterns, food security, and nutritional intake. Despite being food-secure, the Dawe Health Center area has the third-highest stunting rate in Kudus Regency. Objectives: Examine the correlations of family food security, nutritional adequacy levels, and parenting patterns with the incidence of stunting among toddlers at the Dawe Community Health Center. Methods: This cross-sectional study sampled 86 mother-toddler pairs at the Dawe Community Health Center purposively. Data on stunting in toddlers and maternal height were assessed using anthropometric measurements. Information on general characteristics, parenting patterns, and household food security was gathered with interviews, questionnaires, and observations. Nutritional intake data were collected with 2×24-hour recall and the SQ-FFQ. Associations were analyzed using the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The study found that respondents had good parenting patterns (58.1%) and were food-secure (74.4%). Energy (73.3%), zinc (91.9%), calcium (57%), iron (54.7%), and vitamin D (38.4%) intake were sufficient. In addition, all toddlers had sufficient protein and vitamin A. Bivariate test results showed that parenting patterns (p-value = 0.004), food security (p-value=0.006), energy adequacy (p-value<0.001), and calcium adequacy (p-value<0.001) were correlated with stunting. Multivariate test showed that energy adequacy (OR=7.7; p-value=0.003), calcium adequacy (OR=5.2; p-value=0.007), and parenting patterns (OR=5.3; p-value=0.006) were dominant factors associated with stunting. Conclusions: The dominant factors influencing the occurence of stunting among toddlers at the Dawe Community Health Center were the levels of nutritional adequacy (energy, calcium) and parenting patterns.

Bahasa Indonesia

Latar Belakang: Masalah stunting masih menjadi fokus utama pemerintah Kabupaten Kudus, dengan prevalensi stunting di tahun 2023 sebesar 15,7%. Stunting dilatarbelakangi oleh faktor penyebab langsung dan tidak langsung seperti pola asuh, ketahanan pangan, dan asupan gizi. Meskipun wilayah Puskesmas Dawe termasuk wilayah tahan pangan, namun kasus stunting di daerah tersebut menempati peringkat ke-3 tertinggi di Kabupaten Kudus. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan ketahanan pangan keluarga, tingkat konsumsi zat gizi, pola asuh dengan kejadian stunting balita di Puskesmas Dawe. Metode: Penelitian menerapkan desain cross-sectional. Sampel sejumlah 86 pasangan ibu dan balita 6-59 bulan di wilayah Puskesmas Dawe, dipilih secara purposive. Data stunting balita dan tinggi badan ibu diperoleh melalui pengukuran antropometri. Data karakteristik umum, pola asuh, dan ketahanan pangan keluarga didapatkan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner, sedangkan data tingkat konsumsi zat gizi diperoleh dengan wawancara recall 2×24 jam dan kuesioner SQ-FFQ. Uji chi-square, fisher-exact test, dan uji regresi logistik berganda digunakan untuk melihat hubungan. Hasil: Hasil menunjukkan pola asuh ibu balita kategori baik (58,1%), keluarga tahan pangan (74,4%), tingkat kecukupan gizi balita pada energi (73,3%), zinc (91,9%), kalsium (57%), zat besi (54,7%), dan vitamin D (38,4%) cukup dan semua balita tercukupi pada protein dan vitamin A. Faktor pola asuh (p-value=0,004), ketahanan pangan (p-value=0,006), tingkat kecukupan energi (p-value<0,001) dan kalsium (p-value<0,001) berkorelasi dengan stunting. Uji multivariat menunjukkan tingkat kecukupan energi (OR=7,7; p-value=0,003), kalsium (OR=5,2; p-value=0,007), dan pola asuh (OR=5,3; p-value=0,006) merupakan faktor dominan terhadap stunting. Kesimpulan: Faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi kejadian stunting balita adalah tingkat kecukupan gizi (energi, kalsium) dan pola asuh.

Kata kunci

• Stunting
• Pola Asuh
• Ketahanan Pangan
• Tingkat Kecukupan Gizi
• Parenting Patterns
• Food Security
• Nutritional Adequacy Levels