Sweet Sweetened Beverages Intake and Sedentary Behavior Drive Overweight Trends: A Study of Urban and Rural Adolescents in East Java, Indonesia: Konsumsi Minuman Manis dan Perilaku Sedentari Mendorong Tren Kegemukan: Studi pada Remaja Perkotaan dan Pedesaan di Jawa Timur, Indonesia

Abstrak

Inggris

Background: Overweight and obesity are growing concerns in developing countries, including Indonesia. Excessive food intake and lack of physical activity are major contributing factors to this issue. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the relationship between physical activity levels, dietary patterns, and nutritional status among adolescents living in rural and urban areas. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 261 adolescents (120 males, 141 females) aged 12–14 years from East Java, Indonesia. Physical activity was assessed using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C), while dietary intake was measured using daily recall and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Nutritional status was determined based on BMI-for-age Z-scores. Results: More than 20% of adolescents were overweight (Z-score > 2), with a prevalence of 21% in rural areas and 31% in urban areas. Urban adolescents consumed more sugary drinks, had longer screen time, and slept less than their rural counterparts (p-value<0.05). Overall physical activity levels were significantly higher among rural adolescents. Key risk factors for overweight status included sugary drink consumption (OR 2.32), high-fat food intake (OR 1.61), low physical activity (OR 0.09), and prolonged screen time (OR 1.21). Conclusions: Differences in lifestyle between rural and urban adolescents impact their nutritional status. Targeted interventions to promote physical activity and reduce sugary drink consumption, especially in urban areas, are crucial for preventing overweight and improving adolescent health.

Bahasa Indonesia

Latar Belakang: Kelebihan berat badan dan obesitas semakin menjadi perhatian di negara berkembang, termasuk Indonesia. Pola makan berlebih dan kurangnya aktivitas fisik menjadi faktor utama yang berkontribusi terhadap masalah ini. Tujuan: Penelitian ini menganalisis hubungan antara tingkat aktivitas fisik, pola makan, dan status gizi remaja yang tinggal di daerah pedesaan dan perkotaan. Metode: Penelitian cross-sectional ini melibatkan 261 remaja (120 laki-laki, 141 perempuan) berusia 12–14 tahun di Jawa Timur. Aktivitas fisik diukur menggunakan Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C), sedangkan asupan makanan dinilai melalui recall makanan dan kuesioner frekuensi makan (FFQ). Status gizi ditentukan berdasarkan Z-skor IMT/U. Hasil: Lebih dari 20% remaja mengalami kelebihan berat badan (Z-skor > 2), dengan prevalensi 21% di pedesaan dan 31% di perkotaan. Remaja perkotaan lebih banyak mengonsumsi minuman manis, memiliki durasi screen time lebih panjang, dan tidur lebih sedikit dibandingkan remaja pedesaan (p-value<0,05). Tingkat aktivitas fisik secara keseluruhan lebih tinggi pada remaja pedesaan. Faktor risiko utama untuk kelebihan berat badan meliputi konsumsi minuman manis (OR 2,32), makanan berlemak (OR 1,61), aktivitas fisik rendah (OR 0,09), dan screen time panjang (OR 1,21). Kesimpulan: Perbedaan gaya hidup antara remaja pedesaan dan perkotaan memengaruhi status gizi mereka. Intervensi promotif untuk meningkatkan aktivitas fisik dan mengurangi konsumsi minuman manis di perkotaan perlu diperkuat guna mencegah kelebihan berat badan dan meningkatkan kesehatan remaja.

Kata kunci

• Perilaku sedentari
• Aktivitas fisik rendah
• Kelebihan berat badan
• Remaja
• Indonesia
• Sedentary behavior
• Physical inactivity
• Overweight
• Adolescents