Determinants of Co-Occurrence Stunting and Overweight-Obesity in School-Aged Adolescent Females: Faktor Determinan Kejadian Stunting dan Overweight-Obesitas Pada Siswi Remaja Putri

Abstrak

Inggris

Background: The nutritional transition has led to a shift from a single nutritional problem to a double burden of malnutrition, particularly in adolescent females. Objectives: This study aims to explore the determinants of the co-occurrence of stunting and overweight-obesity in adolescent females. Methods: A cross-sectional method was applied to all female adolescents of school age (n = 360) from 4 secondary schools in Majene, West Sulawesi, Indonesia, between March and April 2021. Data were obtained through the use of a structured questionnaire, 24-hour dietary recall, and measurements of body weight and height. Analysis of the data was conducted using SPSS, NutriSurvey, and WHO AnthroPlus, with statistical significance at the 5% level (95% confidence interval). Results: The results showed that among participants aged 10–19 years, 31.7% were stunted, 14.2% were overweight, 2.2% were obese, and 2.5% experienced both stunting and overweight-obesity. Intake of protein, fat, and magnesium was significantly related to stunting and overweight-obesity (p-value = 0.004, 0.049, and 0.016, respectively). According to the multilevel regression analysis, nutritional knowledge (AOR=6.880; 95% CI: 1.189–39.804; p-value=0.031) and fiber intake (AOR=25.830; 95% CI: 1.565–426.370; p-value=0.023) were significant contributors to the co-occurence. Conclusions: Nutritional knowledge and dietary intake are significant predictors of stunting and overweight-obesity in adolescent females. Therefore, the enhancement of school-based nutritional literacy programs and the creation of a supportive school environment that promotes nutritional status are recommended.

Bahasa Indonesia

Latar Belakang: Transisi gizi memiliki implikasi dalam pergeseran masalah tunggal menjadi masalah beban ganda malnutrisi, terutama pada anak remaja putri. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengeksplorasi faktor determinan kejadian stunting dan overweight-obesitas pada remaja putri. Metode: Desain penelitian cross-sectional dilakukan pada seluruh remaja putri (n=360) di empat sekolah menengah di Majene, Sulawesi Barat, Indonesia. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur, recall 24 jam, serta pengukuran berat dan tinggi badan. Data diproses menggunakan SPSS, Nutrisurvey, dan WHO Anthro plus dengan nilai signifikansi 5% (CI 95%). Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa responden berusia 10–19 tahun, dengan prevalensi stunting sebesar 31,7%, overweight 14,2%, obesitas 2,2%, dan 2,5% mengalami stunting dan overweight-obesitas secara bersamaan. Intake protein, lemak, dan magnesium secara signifikan berhubungan dengan stunting dan kelebihan berat badan-obesitas (p-value = 0,004, 0,049, dan 0,016, berturut-turut). Hasil regresi multilevel menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan gizi remaja putri (AOR=6,880; CI 95%: 1,189–39,804; p-value=0,031) dan asupan serat (AOR=25,830; CI 95%: 1,565–426,370; p-value=0,023) secara signifikan berkontribusi terhadap kejadian stunting dan overweight-obesitas. Kesimpulan: Pengetahuan gizi dan asupan gizi merupakan prediktor signifikan dari stunting dan overweight-obesitas pada remaja putri. Oleh karena itu, peningkatan program literasi gizi berbasis sekolah dan penciptaan lingkungan sekolah yang mendukung yang mempromosikan status gizi remaja perempuan direkomendasikan.

Kata kunci

• Female-adolescents
• Intake
• Knowledge
• Overweight-obesity
• Stunting
• Remaja perempuan
• Asupan
• Pengetahuan
• Overweight-obesitas