Physical Activity as a Risk Factor for Metabolic Syndrome: A Case-Control Study on Fishermen and Oil Palm Farmers Couples

Abstrak

Inggris

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic disorders, including central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance, which increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. In Indonesia, the prevalence of central obesity is 35.4%, hypertension 34.1%, and elevated total cholesterol 28.7%. Fishermen and oil palm farmers are at risk of MetS due to lifestyle changes and reduced physical activity. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the association between physical activity and MetS among married couples in fishing and oil palm farming communities. Methods: This case-control study involved 240 participants (120 couples) from two districts in Aceh, Indonesia. MetS was defined according to IDF criteria. Physical activity was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Sociodemographic and metabolic data were collected through interviews and clinical examinations. Analyses included chi-square, independent t-test, and binary logistic regression adjusted for age, income, and household size. Results: Occupational and domestic activities were significantly associated with reduced MetS risk in farmers. Moderate occupational activity lowered the risk by 91% (OR=0.009; 95% CI: 0.000–0.429), while high activity reduced risk by 91.3% (OR=0.087; 95% CI: 0.109–14.319). Moderate (OR=0.213; p-value=0.043) and high domestic activity (OR=0.198; p-value=0.038) were also protective. Total activity and daily MET scores were significantly associated with MetS (p-value<0.05). No significant association was observed in fishing communities. Conclusions: Occupational and domestic activities protect against MetS in oil palm farmers but not in fishermen. Strategies to promote physical activity should be adapted to community characteristics.

Bahasa Indonesia

Latar Belakang: Sindrom metabolik (MetS) merupakan kumpulan gangguan metabolik seperti obesitas sentral, hipertensi, dislipidemia, dan resistensi insulin yang meningkatkan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular dan diabetes melitus tipe 2. Di Indonesia, prevalensi obesitas sentral 35,4%, hipertensi 34,1%, dan kolesterol total tinggi 28,7%. Nelayan dan petani kelapa sawit berisiko mengalami MetS akibat perubahan gaya hidup dan variasi aktivitas fisik. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan aktivitas fisik dengan MetS pada pasangan suami-istri di komunitas nelayan dan petani kelapa sawit. Metode: Penelitian kasus-kontrol ini melibatkan 240 partisipan (120 pasangan) dari dua kabupaten di Aceh. Status MetS ditentukan dengan kriteria IDF. Aktivitas fisik diukur menggunakan International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Data sosiodemografi dan profil metabolik diperoleh melalui wawancara serta pemeriksaan klinis. Analisis dilakukan dengan uji chi-square, uji t independen, dan regresi logistik biner yang disesuaikan dengan usia, pendapatan, dan jumlah anggota rumah tangga. Hasil: Aktivitas fisik pada domain pekerjaan dan domestik berhubungan signifikan dengan penurunan risiko MetS pada petani. Aktivitas sedang di pekerjaan menurunkan risiko 91% (OR=0,009; 95% CI: 0,000–0,429), sedangkan aktivitas tinggi menurunkan 91,3% (OR=0,087; 95% CI: 0,109–14,319). Aktivitas domestik sedang (OR=0,213; p-value=0,043) dan tinggi (OR=0,198; p-value=0,038) juga protektif. Total aktivitas fisik dan skor MET harian berhubungan signifikan (p-value<0,05). Sebaliknya, tidak ditemukan hubungan bermakna pada nelayan. Kesimpulan: Aktivitas fisik dalam domain pekerjaan dan domestik berperan protektif terhadap MetS pada petani kelapa sawit, namun tidak pada nelayan. Diperlukan strategi peningkatan aktivitas fisik yang sesuai dengan karakteristik komunitas.

Kata kunci

• Metabolic Syndrome
• Physical Activity
• IPAQ
• Fishermen
• Oil Palm Farmers
• Sindrom Metabolik
• Aktivitas Fisik
• Nelayan
• Petani Kelapa Sawit