Safety Assessment of TENORM Waste Landfill on Bangka Island Using Resrad Offsite 4.0

Setiawan, A.; Kurniati, M.; Iskandar, D.; Sucipta, S; Pratama, H. A.; Setiawan, R.

doi:10.55981/aij.2025.1570

Akses terbuka Jurnal SINTA 1

Safety Assessment of TENORM Waste Landfill on Bangka Island Using Resrad Offsite 4.0

Atom Indonesia · Vol. 51 No. 2 (2025) · hlm. 119–129

DOI: 10.55981/aij.2025.1570
ISSN: 2356-5322, 0126-1568
Terbit: 2025-07-07
Penerbit: National Research and Innovation Agency
Bahasa: eng
Lisensi: creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Bangka Island faced serious environmental challenges due to TENORM (Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials) waste from tin mining activities. The waste contained radionuclides such as U-238, Th-232, and K-40, which could have had detrimental effects on human health and the environment. To solve this problem, TENORM waste should be disposed of in the class II landfill facility. The Class II landfill was more efficient by cost than the Class I landfill. The landfill design provide a waste contamination layer with dimensions of 160 × 160 × 3 meters. This landfill class has 5 layers from top to bottom cover layers such as the contamination or waste layer, protective coating layer, layer for collecting and transferring, geomembrane layer, soil barrier layer, leak detection system layer, and base layer, which each layer was intended to safeguard against contamination. These protective layers were required to adhere to precise specifications regarding material, thickness, and hydraulic conductivity to effectively manage waste and leachate. Additionally, the base layer consisted of compacted clay, designed to regulate hydraulic conductivity and offer sustained environmental protection. This paper will discuss the radiological safety assessment of this landfill design. This design was modeled using Resrad Offsite 4.0 software to assess its radiation safety in order to fulfill landfill safety requirements. The simulation results showed a maximum radiation dose of 0.40537 mSv per year at a distance of 200 meters from the landfill center, which was estimated to persist for 29,265 years after the landfill was closed. The cancer risk probability was estimated to be 4.25 × 10⁻⁴. More importantly, this dose was still below the safe limit set by BAPETEN (Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency) for public radiation exposure, which is 1 mSv per year. The class II landfill design, based on the simulation results, was safe for public health and the environment.

Kata kunci

Jaringan kolaborasi para penulis

40 penulis · 138 tautan kepenulisan bersama · 73 lintas organisasi · menampilkan 40 yang paling banyak terhubung

Arahkan kursor atau ketuk sebuah nama untuk menyorot rekan penulisnya. Klik dua kali untuk membuka halaman penulis.

National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia
National Research and Innovation Agency
University of Bengkulu
IPB University
Universitas Gadjah Mada
Meteorological, Climatological, And Geophysical Agency
International Potato Center
Organisasi lain

Organisasi berbeda
Organisasi sama
Afiliasi tidak diketahui
Garis lebih tebal = lebih banyak artikel bersama · lingkaran lebih besar = lebih banyak artikel

Tampilkan sebagai tabel

Rekan penulis	Organisasi	Artikel bersama
Kusdiana Kusdiana	National Research and Innovation Agency	2
S Syarbaini	National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia	2
Syarbaini Syarbaini	National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia	2
Afrizal Mayub	University of Bengkulu	1
F. Fahmizal	Universitas Gadjah Mada	1
R. W. Wardaya	University of Bengkulu	1
Lazfihma Lazfihma	University of Bengkulu	1
Henny Johan	University of Bengkulu	1
Euis Nursaadah	University of Bengkulu	1
Rahmaniah Nalwi	Universitas Sulawesi Barat	1
Akhiruddin Maddu	IPB University	1
Jumardin Jumardin	Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar	1
Budi Indra Setiawan	IPB University	1
Gustri Nurliati	National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia	1
Heru Sriwahyuni	National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia	1
Mirawaty Mirawaty	National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia	1
Pungky Ayu Artiani	National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia	1
Kuat Heriyanto	National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia	1
Nurul Efri Ekaningrum	National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia	1
Yuli Purwanto	National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia	1
S Sumarbagiono	National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia	1
A. Warsona	National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia	1
N. Sugianto	University of Bengkulu	1
Muhammad Subekti	National Research and Innovation Agency	1
Agung Satriyo	National Research and Innovation Agency	1
W. Suryanto	Universitas Gadjah Mada	1
Titi Anggono	Indonesian Institute of Sciences	1
Jajat Jatnika	Meteorological, Climatological, And Geophysical Agency	1
R. Swastikarani	Meteorological, Climatological, And Geophysical Agency	1
M. Wiyono	National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia	1
Syamsir Dewang	Hasanuddin University	1
Surip Widodo	National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia	1
Wahyudi Wahyudi	National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia	1
Herdhata Agusta	IPB University	1

Afiliasi berasal dari OpenAlex; metadata OAI-PMH jurnal tidak memuatnya. Penulis tanpa ID OpenAlex dicocokkan berdasarkan nama, sehingga dua orang bisa tergabung atau satu orang bisa terpisah.

Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://atomindonesia.brin.go.id/index.php/aij/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.

Metadata asli (oai_dc)

<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Safety Assessment of TENORM Waste Landfill on Bangka Island Using Resrad Offsite 4.0</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Setiawan, A.</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Kurniati, M.</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Iskandar, D.</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Sucipta, S</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Pratama, H. A.</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Setiawan, R.</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">TENORM; Simulation; Resrad offsite; Landfill; Tin slag; Bangka island</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Bangka Island faced serious environmental challenges due to TENORM (Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials) waste from tin mining activities. The waste contained radionuclides such as U-238,     Th-232, and K-40, which could have had detrimental effects on human health and the environment. To solve this problem, TENORM waste should be disposed of in the class II landfill facility. The Class II landfill was more efficient by cost than the Class I landfill. The landfill design provide a waste contamination layer with dimensions of 160 × 160 × 3 meters. This landfill class has 5 layers from top to bottom cover layers such as the contamination or waste layer, protective coating layer, layer for collecting and transferring, geomembrane layer, soil barrier layer, leak detection system layer, and base layer, which each layer was intended to safeguard against contamination. These protective layers were required to adhere to precise specifications regarding material, thickness, and hydraulic conductivity to effectively manage waste and leachate. Additionally, the base layer consisted of compacted clay, designed to regulate hydraulic conductivity and offer sustained environmental protection. This paper will discuss the radiological safety assessment of this landfill design. This design was modeled using Resrad Offsite 4.0 software to assess its radiation safety in order to fulfill landfill safety requirements. The simulation results showed a maximum radiation dose of 0.40537 mSv per year at a distance of 200 meters from the landfill center, which was estimated to persist for 29,265 years after the landfill was closed. The cancer risk probability was estimated to be 4.25 × 10⁻⁴. More importantly, this dose was still below the safe limit set by BAPETEN (Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency) for public radiation exposure, which is 1 mSv per year. The class II landfill design, based on the simulation results, was safe for public health and the environment.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">National Research and Innovation Agency</dc:publisher>
	<dc:contributor xml:lang="en-US">National Research and Innovation Agency</dc:contributor>
	<dc:contributor xml:lang="en-US">IPB University</dc:contributor>
	<dc:date>2025-07-07</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US"></dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://atomindonesia.brin.go.id/index.php/aij/article/view/1570</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.55981/aij.2025.1570</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Atom Indonesia; Vol 51, No 2 (2025): AUGUST 2025; 119-129</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2356-5322</dc:source>
	<dc:source>0126-1568</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.55981/aij.v51i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://atomindonesia.brin.go.id/index.php/aij/article/view/1570/1173</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://atomindonesia.brin.go.id/index.php/aij/article/downloadSuppFile/1570/2732</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://atomindonesia.brin.go.id/index.php/aij/article/downloadSuppFile/1570/2733</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://atomindonesia.brin.go.id/index.php/aij/article/downloadSuppFile/1570/2734</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://atomindonesia.brin.go.id/index.php/aij/article/downloadSuppFile/1570/2735</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2025 Atom Indonesia</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>