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Effectiveness of HNO3 and NaOH Pretreatment on Lignin Degradation in Areca Leaf Sheath Fibre (Areca catechu L.) for Bioethanol Production

Automotive Experiences · Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025) · hlm. 227–241

DOI
10.31603/ae.13089
ISSN
2615-6636, 2615-6202
Terbit
2025-08-15
Penerbit
Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang
Bahasa
en

Abstrak

Areca leaf sheaths are underutilized waste but have a high cellulose content of 72.27%, so they can be utilized for bioethanol production. This research aims to utilize areca leaf waste for bioethanol production through acid (HNO3 5%) and alkaline (NaOH 10%) pretreatment processes, enzyme hydrolysis, and fermentation. Pretreatment using 5% HNO3 and 10% NaOH solutions is carried out because it can break down the lignin bond and release it from cellulose and hemicellulose fibers. The enzymatic hydrolysis process uses cellulase enzymes at 37 °C for 48 hours to produce glucose. Glucose content analysis uses the DNS method and UV-Vis spectrophotometry instruments because it is accurate and can detect glucose in low concentrations. The fermentation process is carried out using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a fermentation microorganism because it has high efficiency in bioethanol production for a duration of 3, 5, and 7 days. Based on the results of the analysis, pretreatment with HNO3 5% solution reduced the level of lignin in areca leaf sheaths by 2.31%. Meanwhile, pretreatment using a 10% NaOH solution lowered lignin levels to 1.81%. Reduced sugar levels after hydrolysis after pretreatment with HNO3 5% and NaOH 10% were 25.08 mg/mL and 16.37 mg/mL, respectively. The highest concentration of bioethanol in the 5% HNO3 pretreatment was achieved on the 7th day at 16.75%, while that of 10% NaOH on the 5th day was 14.75%. This difference is influenced by the availability of fermentable sugars, where HNO3 substrates take longer to decompose by S. cerevisiae than NaOH substrates. Based on the analysis, the bioethanol contains ethanol, thus the areca leaf sheath fibre feedstock has the potential to assist in the advancement of a sustainable biorefinery process that can reduce dependence on fossil fuels and increase added value.

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  • Hasanuddin University
  • Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Alfian NoorHasanuddin University11
Maming MamingAfiliasi tidak diketahui7
Maming GaffarAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Lukman DarisAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Indah RayaAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Hasnah NatsirHasanuddin University3
Andi Nur Apung MassisengAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Andi Tenrisa’naAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Seniwati DaliAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
L. Musa RamangAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Seniwati DaliHasanuddin University2
Nunuk Hariani SoekamtoHasanuddin University2
Alpiani AlpianiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Nisaa KhairunAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Masriah AndiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Irwansyah IrwansyahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Andi UmmungAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
NurwahidahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
St ZaenabAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Jaya JayaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Anna IslamiyatiHasanuddin University1
Anisa AnisaHasanuddin University1
Nasrah SirajangHasanuddin University1
Muhammad Jayzul UsrahHasanuddin University1
Ummi SariHasanuddin University1
Fajar AffanHasanuddin University1
Waode Nur RahmaniahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Andi Agung PerdanaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Rahmawati RahmawatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Asdiana Irma YusufAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Febby KurniatyAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Rahmawati RahmawatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Sheila ApriliaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Syarifuddin SyarifuddinAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://journal.unimma.ac.id/index.php/AutomotiveExperiences/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Effectiveness of HNO3 and NaOH Pretreatment on Lignin Degradation in Areca Leaf Sheath Fibre (Areca catechu L.) for Bioethanol Production</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Wahyuti, Wahyuti</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Karim, Abdul</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Arfah, Rugaiyah Andi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Zakir, Muhammad</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Maming, Maming</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Baharuddin, Maswati</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Areca leaf sheath</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Pretreatment</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Hydrolysis</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Fermentation</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Bioethanol</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Areca leaf sheaths are underutilized waste but have a high cellulose content of 72.27%, so they can be utilized for bioethanol production. This research aims to utilize areca leaf waste for bioethanol production through acid (HNO3 5%) and alkaline (NaOH 10%) pretreatment processes, enzyme hydrolysis, and fermentation. Pretreatment using 5% HNO3 and 10% NaOH solutions is carried out because it can break down the lignin bond and release it from cellulose and hemicellulose fibers. The enzymatic hydrolysis process uses cellulase enzymes at 37 °C for 48 hours to produce glucose. Glucose content analysis uses the DNS method and UV-Vis spectrophotometry instruments because it is accurate and can detect glucose in low concentrations. The fermentation process is carried out using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a fermentation microorganism because it has high efficiency in bioethanol production for a duration of 3, 5, and 7 days. Based on the results of the analysis, pretreatment with HNO3 5%&amp;nbsp; solution reduced the level of lignin in areca leaf sheaths by 2.31%. Meanwhile, pretreatment using a 10% NaOH solution lowered lignin levels to 1.81%. Reduced sugar levels after hydrolysis after pretreatment with HNO3 5% and NaOH 10% were 25.08 mg/mL and 16.37 mg/mL, respectively. The highest concentration of bioethanol in the 5% HNO3 pretreatment was achieved on the 7th day at 16.75%, while that of 10% NaOH on the 5th day was 14.75%. This difference is influenced by the availability of fermentable sugars, where HNO3 substrates take longer to decompose by S. cerevisiae than NaOH substrates. Based on the analysis, the bioethanol contains ethanol, thus the areca leaf sheath fibre feedstock has the potential to assist in the advancement of a sustainable biorefinery process that can reduce dependence on fossil fuels and increase added value.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-08-15</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unimma.ac.id/AutomotiveExperiences/article/view/13089</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.31603/ae.13089</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Automotive Experiences; Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025); 227-241</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2615-6636</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2615-6202</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unimma.ac.id/AutomotiveExperiences/article/view/13089/6168</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Wahyuti Wahyuti, Abdul Karim, Rugaiyah Andi Arfah, Muhammad Zakir, Maming Maming, Maswati Baharuddin</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>