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Catalyst-Free Pyrolysis of Mixed Tyres and Plastic Waste for Heavy Fuel-Oil Production with Distillation

Automotive Experiences · Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025) · hlm. 242–251

DOI
10.31603/ae.13098
ISSN
2615-6636, 2615-6202
Terbit
2025-08-27
Penerbit
Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang
Bahasa
en

Abstrak

Waste from used tires and plastics poses a significant environmental challenge due to their non-biodegradable nature. These materials take hundreds to thousands of years to decompose naturally. Every year, plastic and tire waste increase in correlation with population growth and vehicle usage. This waste management is frequently insufficient, resulting in significant adverse effects on human society. One of the effective solutions to the environmental challenges posed by used tires and plastic waste is converting them into crude oil and solid char using pyrolysis technology without a catalyst. This process is a thermochemical decomposition that occurs at high temperatures without oxygen. Pyrolysis breaks down the complex chemical structure of plastics and tires into simpler, valuable components. After being cut into small pieces of 3 cm to 5 cm, the feedstock was placed into a pyrolyzer, with each batch weighing 500 grams, to produce pyrolytic liquid oil and char. The pyrolysis temperature was set at 350 ℃ for all experiments, with a heating rate of 10 ℃/min and a holding time of 90 minutes. The process was followed by distillation at two different temperatures, 250 ℃ and 350 ℃, with a heating rate of 10 ℃/min. This distillation process separated the pyrolytic oil based on its boiling points to obtain distillate liquid oil. Two types of distillate liquid oil were produced and analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to determine their chemical composition and compounds. It was found that both distillate oils contained similar organic compounds, primarily consisting of complex mixtures of C12”“C31 hydrocarbons, which are typical of heavy fuel oils. The heating value of both distillate oils was 31.26 MJ/kg. Additionally, the residual char produced during the process had a calorific value of 21.73 MJ/kg, indicating its potential use as a solid fuel. These properties demonstrate the potential of the products to substitute conventional fuels for heavy machinery or industrial boilers. This study confirms that used tires and plastic waste can be converted into heavy fuel oils, offering great potential as alternative energy sources.

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  • State University of Medan
  • Universitas Sumatera Utara
  • University of Malaya
  • Universiti Sains Malaysia
  • Khon Kaen University
  • Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara
  • National Defence University of Malaysia
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Bisrul Hapis TambunanState University of Medan4
Eka DaryantoState University of Medan3
Nurin Wahidah Mohd ZulkifliUniversity of Malaya3
Taufiq Bin NurUniversitas Sumatera Utara2
Himsar AmbaritaUniversitas Sumatera Utara2
Enzo W.B SiahaanUniversitas Sumatera Utara2
Mohamad Zamri ZainonAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Riduwan RiduwanAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Dina AmperaState University of Medan2
Zulkifl MatondangState University of Medan2
Tulus Burhanuddin SitorusUniversitas Sumatera Utara1
Ilmi IlmiUniversitas Sumatera Utara1
Safri GunawanState University of Medan1
Hanafi HasanState University of Medan1
Rimbawati RimbawatiUniversitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara1
Sahala SiallaganState University of Medan1
Bonaraja PurbaState University of Medan1
Nurin Wahidah Mohd ZulkifliUniversity of Malaya1
Mohd Kamal KamarulzamanNational Defence University of Malaysia1
Purwantono PurwantonoUniversitas Negeri Padang1
Binsar Maruli Tua PakpahanState University of Medan1
Khaled Ali Al-AttabUniversiti Sains Malaysia1
Tulus Burhanuudin SitorusAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ilmi AbdullahUniversitas Sumatera Utara1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://journal.unimma.ac.id/index.php/AutomotiveExperiences/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Catalyst-Free Pyrolysis of Mixed Tyres and Plastic Waste for Heavy Fuel-Oil Production with Distillation</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Simanjuntak, Janter Pangaduan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Idroas, Mohamad Yusof</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Seetawan, Tosawat</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Zainon, Mohd Zamri</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Plastic waste</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Pyrolysis</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Distillation</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Heavy fuel</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Char</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Waste from used tires and plastics poses a significant environmental challenge due to their non-biodegradable nature. These materials take hundreds to thousands of years to decompose naturally. Every year, plastic and tire waste increase in correlation with population growth and vehicle usage. This waste management is frequently insufficient, resulting in significant adverse effects on human society. One of the effective solutions to the environmental challenges posed by used tires and plastic waste is converting them into crude oil and solid char using pyrolysis technology without a catalyst. This process is a thermochemical decomposition that occurs at high temperatures without oxygen. Pyrolysis breaks down the complex chemical structure of plastics and tires into simpler, valuable components. After being cut into small pieces of 3 cm to 5 cm, the feedstock was placed into a pyrolyzer, with each batch weighing 500 grams, to produce pyrolytic liquid oil and char. The pyrolysis temperature was set at 350 ℃ for all experiments, with a heating rate of 10 ℃/min and a holding time of 90 minutes. The process was followed by distillation at two different temperatures, 250 ℃ and 350 ℃, with a heating rate of 10 ℃/min. This distillation process separated the pyrolytic oil based on its boiling points to obtain distillate liquid oil. Two types of distillate liquid oil were produced and analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to determine their chemical composition and compounds. It was found that both distillate oils contained similar organic compounds, primarily consisting of complex mixtures of C12”“C31 hydrocarbons, which are typical of heavy fuel oils. The heating value of both distillate oils was 31.26 MJ/kg. Additionally, the residual char produced during the process had a calorific value of 21.73 MJ/kg, indicating its potential use as a solid fuel. These properties demonstrate the potential of the products to substitute conventional fuels for heavy machinery or industrial boilers. This study confirms that used tires and plastic waste can be converted into heavy fuel oils, offering great potential as alternative energy sources.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-08-27</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unimma.ac.id/AutomotiveExperiences/article/view/13098</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.31603/ae.13098</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Automotive Experiences; Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025); 242-251</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2615-6636</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2615-6202</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unimma.ac.id/AutomotiveExperiences/article/view/13098/6169</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Janter Pangaduan Simanjuntak, Mohamad Yusof Idroas, Tosawat Seetawan, Mohd Zamri Zainon</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>