Vehicle Trajectory Analysis on the Effect of Additional Load Distribution Disturbance at Different Speeds for Collision Avoidance Systems

Zulkifli, Abdullah bin; Peeie, Mohamad Heerwan bin; Ishak, Muhammad Izhar bin

doi:10.31603/ae.13200

Jurnal SINTA 1

Vehicle Trajectory Analysis on the Effect of Additional Load Distribution Disturbance at Different Speeds for Collision Avoidance Systems

Automotive Experiences · Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025) · hlm. 122–145

DOI: 10.31603/ae.13200
ISSN: 2615-6636, 2615-6202
Terbit: 2025-04-13
Penerbit: Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang
Bahasa: en

Abstrak

Collision avoidance (CA) systems have become a requirement in vehicles due to their ability to prevent collisions. Despite the implementation of these systems on the road, accidents still happen due to the lack of adaptability of CA systems corresponding to road environment nonlinearities and external disturbances. Hence, this research focuses on the effect of external disturbances, such as additional load distribution on the vehicle while avoiding obstacles. The deployment of the CA scenario, considering the presence of disturbance, was simulated in MATLAB Simulink, with the reference trajectory for the system obtained from a skilled driver in real-time experiments at different speeds. The objective of this study is to observe and analyse the effect of additional load disturbances on vehicle stability, especially when the driver countersteers to avoid an obstacle. An increase in the additional load percentage at each side of the vehicle produces excessive lateral force opposite to the direction of the vehicle. This scenario creates a significant load transfer phenomenon and directly causes the vehicle to oversteer and understeer while avoiding obstacles. It has been observed that human cognition plays a huge role in defining a reference trajectory at different speeds while avoiding an obstacle. The pattern of the reference trajectory also affects the magnitude of the load transfer phenomena, especially when the driver manoeuvres the vehicle aggressively.

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Rekan penulis	Organisasi	Artikel bersama
Zulhaidi Mohd Jawi	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	2
Ericsson Yong	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	2
Muhammad Izhar Ishak	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	2
Mohd Zamri Bin Ibrahim	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	2
Muhammad Aizzat Bin Zakaria	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	2
Intan Suhana Binti Mohd Razelan	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	2
Ahmad Fakhri Bin Ab. Nasir	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	2
Rusli Majuma	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	1
Kerisvin Ondong	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	1
Othman Abu Hassan	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	1
Muji Setiyo	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	1
Indra Chandra Setiawan	Afiliasi tidak diketahui	1

Afiliasi berasal dari OpenAlex; metadata OAI-PMH jurnal tidak memuatnya. Penulis tanpa ID OpenAlex dicocokkan berdasarkan nama, sehingga dua orang bisa tergabung atau satu orang bisa terpisah.

Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://journal.unimma.ac.id/index.php/AutomotiveExperiences/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.

Metadata asli (oai_dc)

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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Vehicle Trajectory Analysis on the Effect of Additional Load Distribution Disturbance at Different Speeds for Collision Avoidance Systems</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Zulkifli, Abdullah bin</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Peeie, Mohamad Heerwan bin</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ishak, Muhammad Izhar bin</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Collision avoidance</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Additional load distribution disturbance</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Vehicle stability</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Human cognitive driving behaviour</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Collision avoidance (CA) systems have become a requirement in vehicles due to their ability to prevent collisions. Despite the implementation of these systems on the road, accidents still happen due to the lack of adaptability of CA systems corresponding to road environment nonlinearities and external disturbances. Hence, this research focuses on the effect of external disturbances, such as additional load distribution on the vehicle while avoiding obstacles. The deployment of the CA scenario, considering the presence of disturbance, was simulated in MATLAB Simulink, with the reference trajectory for the system obtained from a skilled driver in real-time experiments at different speeds. The objective of this study is to observe and analyse the effect of additional load disturbances on vehicle stability, especially when the driver countersteers to avoid an obstacle. An increase in the additional load percentage at each side of the vehicle produces excessive lateral force opposite to the direction of the vehicle. This scenario creates a significant load transfer phenomenon and directly causes the vehicle to oversteer and understeer while avoiding obstacles. It has been observed that human cognition plays a huge role in defining a reference trajectory at different speeds while avoiding an obstacle. The pattern of the reference trajectory also affects the magnitude of the load transfer phenomena, especially when the driver manoeuvres the vehicle aggressively.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-04-13</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unimma.ac.id/AutomotiveExperiences/article/view/13200</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.31603/ae.13200</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Automotive Experiences; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025); 122-145</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2615-6636</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2615-6202</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unimma.ac.id/AutomotiveExperiences/article/view/13200/5806</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Mohamad Heerwan bin Peeie, Abdullah bin Zulkifli, Muhammad Izhar bin Ishak</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>