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SEA RANCHING OF Holothuria atra: STOCKING DENSITY AND TIME

BIOTROPIA · Vol. 28 No. 2 (2021) · hlm. 128–140

DOI
10.11598/btb.0.0.0.1180
ISSN
1907-770X, 0215-6334
Terbit
2021-08-13
Penerbit
SEAMEO BIOTROP
Bahasa
en
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0

Abstrak

Strong market demand, uncontrolled exploitation, and inadequate fisheries resource management have caused the overexploitation of sea cucumbers. Hence, sea ranching has been suggested as an intervention to overcome, or at least minimize, this problem. Since stocking density is one of the most important considerations in sea cucumber rearing, this study aimed to determine the optimal stocking density for the ranching of Holothuria atra. Individuals of H. atra were collected from Panjang Island, Jepara waters, and reared in bottom cages in Teluk Awur waters, Jepara, at densities of 30, 20, or 10 individuals per cage measuring 2 × 2 × 1.8 m (with a bottom area of 4 m²). Stocking of H. atra was conducted three times: at the time of cage installation, during the second month, and during the third month after installation. Characteristics of the bottom sediment (i.e., chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, phaeophytin, and total carotene) in the sea cucumber habitat, as well as water quality parameters within the cages, were measured monthly. The results showed that the growth of H. atra fluctuated throughout the rearing period. Low stocking density resulted in higher individual weight gain compared to high stocking density. The highest weight gain was observed at a stocking density of 10 individuals per cage during the second stocking month. The highest survival rate (93%) was recorded at a stocking density of 30 individuals per cage during the third stocking month, considering that the sea cucumbers were reared for only three months. The highest mortality occurred at a stocking density of 20 individuals per cage. A low survival rate of 45% was observed during the first stocking period, or after the fifth month of rearing. Fission was observed among H. atra reared in the cages, resulting in smaller individuals. Among the measured parameters, sediment chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, phaeophytin, and carotene concentrations fluctuated with rearing duration due to feeding activity and bioturbation by sea cucumbers. Overall, the results of this study suggest that a low stocking density of H. atra during the second stocking month promotes higher growth rates.

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  • Diponegoro University
  • University of the Ryukyus
  • University of Bangka Belitung
  • Universitas Borneo Tarakan
  • Institut Marin Borneo
  • University of Tasmania
  • Cenderawasih University
  • Afiliasi tidak diketahui
  • Organisasi berbeda
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Hadi EndrawatiDiponegoro University13
Hermin Pancasakti KusumaningrumDiponegoro University10
Diah Permata WijayantiDiponegoro University7
Ita WidowatiDiponegoro University6
Sri RedjekiDiponegoro University6
Rudhi PribadiDiponegoro University5
Ita RiniatsihDiponegoro University5
Agus IndarjoDiponegoro University4
Mu’alimah HudatwiUniversity of Bangka Belitung4
Robertus Triaji MahendrajayaDiponegoro University4
Delianis PringgeniesDiponegoro University4
Chrisna Adhi SuryonoDiponegoro University3
Anindya WirasatriyaDiponegoro University3
Ervia YudiatiDiponegoro University3
Valentina R. IrianiDiponegoro University3
Munasik MunasikDiponegoro University3
Elis IndrayantiDiponegoro University3
Ali DjunaediDiponegoro University3
Cristiana ManullangUniversity of the Ryukyus3
Galung Dhiva MaharaniDiponegoro University2
Denny Nugroho SugiantoDiponegoro University2
Widianingsih WidianingsihAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Nur Taufiq-SpjDiponegoro University2
EKA MAYA KURNIASIHUniversity of the Ryukyus2
Ni Kadek Dita CahyaniDiponegoro University2
Agus TriantoDiponegoro University2
Retno MurwaniDiponegoro University2
Desrina DesrinaDiponegoro University2
Arief TaslihanAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Gazali SalimUniversitas Borneo Tarakan2
Julian RansanganInstitut Marin Borneo2
Subagiyo SubagiyoDiponegoro University2
Justin CullenUniversity of Tasmania2
Nenik KholilahDiponegoro University2
Bambang YuliantoDiponegoro University2
Imam MishbachCenderawasih University1

Afiliasi berasal dari OpenAlex; metadata OAI-PMH jurnal tidak memuatnya. Penulis tanpa ID OpenAlex dicocokkan berdasarkan nama, sehingga dua orang bisa tergabung atau satu orang bisa terpisah.

Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://journal.biotrop.org/index.php/biotropia/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">SEA RANCHING OF Holothuria atra: STOCKING DENSITY AND TIME</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Hartati, Retno</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ambariyanto, Ambariyanto</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Zainuri, Muhammad</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Widianingsih, Widianingsih</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">chlorophyll</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">fission</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">growth</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">sediment</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">survival</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Strong market demand, uncontrolled exploitation, and inadequate fisheries resource management have caused the overexploitation of sea cucumbers. Hence, sea ranching has been suggested as an intervention to overcome, or at least minimize, this problem. Since stocking density is one of the most important considerations in sea cucumber rearing, this study aimed to determine the optimal stocking density for the ranching of Holothuria atra. Individuals of H. atra were collected from Panjang Island, Jepara waters, and reared in bottom cages in Teluk Awur waters, Jepara, at densities of 30, 20, or 10 individuals per cage measuring 2 × 2 × 1.8 m (with a bottom area of 4 m²). Stocking of H. atra was conducted three times: at the time of cage installation, during the second month, and during the third month after installation. Characteristics of the bottom sediment (i.e., chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, phaeophytin, and total carotene) in the sea cucumber habitat, as well as water quality parameters within the cages, were measured monthly. The results showed that the growth of H. atra fluctuated throughout the rearing period. Low stocking density resulted in higher individual weight gain compared to high stocking density. The highest weight gain was observed at a stocking density of 10 individuals per cage during the second stocking month. The highest survival rate (93%) was recorded at a stocking density of 30 individuals per cage during the third stocking month, considering that the sea cucumbers were reared for only three months. The highest mortality occurred at a stocking density of 20 individuals per cage. A low survival rate of 45% was observed during the first stocking period, or after the fifth month of rearing. Fission was observed among H. atra reared in the cages, resulting in smaller individuals. Among the measured parameters, sediment chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, phaeophytin, and carotene concentrations fluctuated with rearing duration due to feeding activity and bioturbation by sea cucumbers. Overall, the results of this study suggest that a low stocking density of H. atra during the second stocking month promotes higher growth rates.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">SEAMEO BIOTROP</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2021-08-13</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.biotrop.org/index.php/biotropia/article/view/1180</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.11598/btb.0.0.0.1180</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">BIOTROPIA; Vol. 28 No. 2 (2021): BIOTROPIA Vol.28 No.2, Agustus 2021 ; 128 - 140</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1907-770X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>0215-6334</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.11598/btb.2021.28.2.</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.biotrop.org/index.php/biotropia/article/view/1180/578</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2020 BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>