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Eco-Friendly Photocatalyst from Limestone: ZnO-Hydroxyapatite Composite for Efficient Rhodamine B Removal

Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis · Vol. ume (2025) · hlm. 471–482

DOI
10.9767/bcrec.20426
ISSN
1978-2993
Terbit
2025-10-30
Penerbit
Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

This study aims to synthesize and characterize a limestone-based ZnO-hydroxyapatite (HA/ZnO) composite and evaluate its performance in the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B under UV irradiation. Hydroxyapatite was synthesized by reacting calcined CaO from limestone with orthophosphoric acid and subsequently combined with ZnO via a co-precipitation–hydrothermal method. The materials were characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) to determine their crystal structure and functional groups. The HA/ZnO composite exhibited the smallest crystallite size (14.86 nm), indicating enhanced surface area and strong interfacial interaction. Photodegradation tests revealed optimal conditions at pH of 9, Rhodamine B concentration of 20 mg/L, and catalyst dosage of 1.5 g, achieving a maximum degradation efficiency of 99.81%. Toxicity assessment using a corn seed germination test showed a significant increase in germination rate from 16% (untreated) to 92% (after photocatalytic treatment). These findings suggest that the limestone-derived HA/ZnO composite is a promising, environmentally friendly, and efficient photocatalyst for textile dye wastewater treatment. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

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  • Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha
  • Udayana University
  • Afiliasi tidak diketahui
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
I Wayan SujaUniversitas Pendidikan Ganesha2
Ni Made WiratiniUniversitas Pendidikan Ganesha2
Ni Luh Putu Ananda SaraswatiUniversitas Pendidikan Ganesha2
I Ketut SudianaUniversitas Pendidikan Ganesha2
Dewi Oktofa RachmawatiUniversitas Pendidikan Ganesha2
I. A. A. YuliamiastutiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Anak Agung Sagung Alit SukmaningsihUdayana University1
Ni Made Utami DwipayantiUdayana University1
Ida Ayu Gede WidihatiUdayana University1
Ni Putu DiantarianiUdayana University1
Ni Gusti Ayu Dwi Adhi SuastutiUdayana University1
I Gusti Ayu Kunti Sri Panca DewiUdayana University1
I Made GunamanthaUniversitas Pendidikan Ganesha1

Afiliasi berasal dari OpenAlex; metadata OAI-PMH jurnal tidak memuatnya. Penulis tanpa ID OpenAlex dicocokkan berdasarkan nama, sehingga dua orang bisa tergabung atau satu orang bisa terpisah.

Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Eco-Friendly Photocatalyst from Limestone: ZnO-Hydroxyapatite Composite for Efficient Rhodamine B Removal</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Sukarta, I Nyoman</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Suyasa, I Wayan Budiarsa</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Mahardika, I Gede</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Suprihatin, Iryanti Eka</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Sastrawidana, I Dewa Ketut</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Wiratma, I Gusti Lanang</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Darmayasa, Dewa Komang</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Photodegradation; ZnO-hydroxyapatite; limestone; Rhodamine B; photocatalyst</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">This study aims to synthesize and characterize a limestone-based ZnO-hydroxyapatite (HA/ZnO) composite and evaluate its performance in the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B under UV irradiation. Hydroxyapatite was synthesized by reacting calcined CaO from limestone with orthophosphoric acid and subsequently combined with ZnO via a co-precipitation–hydrothermal method. The materials were characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) to determine their crystal structure and functional groups. The HA/ZnO composite exhibited the smallest crystallite size (14.86 nm), indicating enhanced surface area and strong interfacial interaction. Photodegradation tests revealed optimal conditions at pH of 9, Rhodamine B concentration of 20 mg/L, and catalyst dosage of 1.5 g, achieving a maximum degradation efficiency of 99.81%. Toxicity assessment using a corn seed germination test showed a significant increase in germination rate from 16% (untreated) to 92% (after photocatalytic treatment). These findings suggest that the limestone-derived HA/ZnO composite is a promising, environmentally friendly, and efficient photocatalyst for textile dye wastewater treatment. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-10-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US"></dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/view/20426</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.9767/bcrec.20426</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering &amp; Catalysis; 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 3 Year 2025 (October 2025); 471-482</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1978-2993</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/view/20426/9836</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>