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Nickel-Lanthanum Impregnated into Natural Zeolite as a Catalyst for Biofuel Production from Sunflower Oil via Hydrocracking Process

Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis · Vol. ume (2026) · hlm. 68–79

DOI
10.9767/bcrec.20503
ISSN
1978-2993
Terbit
2026-04-30
Penerbit
Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

The increasing demand for crude oil or fossil fuel as a raw material for oil fuel has been steadily rising over time in line with the development that is taking place in Indonesia. However, biofuels are potential vegetable fuels that can be developed as alternative energy because they are renewable and can be renewed to overcome the energy crisis in the future. For this purpose, a double metal catalyst (impregnated with nickel and lanthanum), is used to make biofuels from sunflower seed oil. The effect of metal ratio on the yield of biofuel products is the concern in this study. The temperature of hydrocracking process was 250-330 ℃ with ratio of metal 5% and 10% (metal ratio 1:1 and 1:2). X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that natural zeolite has a clinoptilolite phase, X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) shows that acid and base activation increases the Si/Al ratio from 4.5 to 5, Scanning Electron Microscope – Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) shows images of natural zeolite surfaces in the form of aggregate pieces, and Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) shows that acid and base activation increases SBET from 29.96 to 49.73 m2/g and forms a hierarchical natural zeolite. The impregnation of Ni-La/Zeolite catalyst has been successfully carried out using the incipient wetness impregnation method and the best catalyst results were obtained, namely Ni-La/Zeolite 10% (1:2) with a surface area of 15.33 m2/gS. The addition of Nickel and Lanthanum metals caused a decrease in the surface area and average pore diameter of the zeolite. The lowest surface area and average pore diameter were found in the variation of the Ni-La/Zeolite 10% (1:2) catalyst, namely 15.33 m2/g and 13.99 nm. The highest hydrocarbon yield was found in the hydrocracking process with the Ni-La/Zeolite 10% (1:1) catalyst with gasoline, kerosene and gasoil fractions of 0.91; 0.39 and 8.32 (%wt), respectively. The hydrocarbon compound composition of the catalyst includes n-paraffin 4.43%, isoparaffin 0.21%, cycloparaffin 2.99% and olefin 2.71%. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

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  • Universitas Jambi
  • National Research and Innovation Agency
  • Sriwijaya University
  • Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
  • Indonesian Institute of Sciences
  • Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta
  • State University of Jakarta
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Tampilkan sebagai tabel
Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Maja Pranata MarbunAfiliasi tidak diketahui9
Achmad RoesyadiInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember7
Danawati Hari PrajitnoInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember7
Hasanudin HasanudinSriwijaya University4
Nino RinaldiNational Research and Innovation Agency4
Roni MaryanaIndonesian Institute of Sciences3
Wan Ryan AsriSriwijaya University3
Novia NoviaSriwijaya University3
Sudibyo SudibyoNational Research and Innovation Agency3
Muhammad Al MuttaqiiNational Research and Innovation Agency3
Fahma RiyantiSriwijaya University2
Fitri HadiahSriwijaya University2
Vera PermatasariNational Research and Innovation Agency2
Muhammad RidwanUniversity of Indonesia2
Yusup HendronursitoNational Research and Innovation Agency2
Kusno IsnugrohoIndonesian Institute of Sciences2
David Candra BirawidhaIndonesian Institute of Sciences2
Sugeng PriyantoState University of Jakarta2
Andreas SibueaLampung University2
Heriyanti HeriyantiUniversitas Jambi1
Wahyudi ZaharUniversitas Jambi1
Rahmi RahmiUniversitas Jambi1
Edwin PermanaUniversitas Jambi1
Asrial AsrialUniversitas Jambi1
Muhammad Salsabeela RusdiUniversitas Jambi1
Ira Kusuma DewiUniversitas Jambi1
Riadi AdriansyahUniversitas Jambi1
D.M. Magdalena RitongaUniversitas Jambi1
Muhammad Rhezi AlkafUniversitas Jambi1
Rahmawati RahmawatiSamudra University1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Nickel-Lanthanum Impregnated into Natural Zeolite as a Catalyst for Biofuel Production from Sunflower Oil via Hydrocracking Process</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Santiko, Erik Budi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Fauziah, Sarah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Priyanto, Sugeng</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Yustinah, Yustinah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Marlinda, Lenny</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Sudibyo, Sudibyo</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Aziz, Abdul</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Oktiarmi, Peri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Yati, Indri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Al Muttaqii, Muhammad</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Nickel-Lanthanum; Natural zeolite; Sunflower oil; Hydrocracking; Green Diesel</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">The increasing demand for crude oil or fossil fuel as a raw material for oil fuel has been steadily rising over time in line with the development that is taking place in Indonesia. However, biofuels are potential vegetable fuels that can be developed as alternative energy because they are renewable and can be renewed to overcome the energy crisis in the future. For this purpose, a double metal catalyst (impregnated with nickel and lanthanum), is used to make biofuels from sunflower seed oil. The effect of metal ratio on the yield of biofuel products is the concern in this study. The temperature of hydrocracking process was 250-330 ℃ with ratio of metal 5% and 10% (metal ratio 1:1 and 1:2). X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that natural zeolite has a clinoptilolite phase, X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) shows that acid and base activation increases the Si/Al ratio from 4.5 to 5, Scanning Electron Microscope – Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) shows images of natural zeolite surfaces in the form of aggregate pieces, and Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) shows that acid and base activation increases SBET from 29.96 to 49.73 m2/g and forms a hierarchical natural zeolite. The impregnation of Ni-La/Zeolite catalyst has been successfully carried out using the incipient wetness impregnation method and the best catalyst results were obtained, namely Ni-La/Zeolite 10% (1:2) with a surface area of 15.33 m2/gS. The addition of Nickel and Lanthanum metals caused a decrease in the surface area and average pore diameter of the zeolite. The lowest surface area and average pore diameter were found in the variation of the Ni-La/Zeolite 10% (1:2) catalyst, namely 15.33 m2/g and 13.99 nm. The highest hydrocarbon yield was found in the hydrocracking process with the Ni-La/Zeolite 10% (1:1) catalyst with gasoline, kerosene and gasoil fractions of 0.91; 0.39 and 8.32 (%wt), respectively. The hydrocarbon compound composition of the catalyst includes n-paraffin 4.43%, isoparaffin 0.21%, cycloparaffin 2.99% and olefin 2.71%. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-04-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US"></dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/view/20503</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.9767/bcrec.20503</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering &amp; Catalysis; 2026: BCREC Volume 21 Issue 1 Year 2026 (April 2026); 68-79</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1978-2993</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/view/20503/9872</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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