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NaHCO₃-Assisted Synthesis of Ni-Promoted Sulfated Mesoporous Silica for the Hydrocracking of Used Cooking Oil into Biogasoline

Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis · Vol. ume (2026) · hlm. 149–167

DOI
10.9767/bcrec.20531
ISSN
1978-2993
Terbit
2026-04-30
Penerbit
Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Biofuel production from biomass sources remains a key area of research, aimed at reducing reliance on fossil fuels and promoting environmental sustainability. This study investigates the conversion of used cooking oil (UCO) into biogasoline via catalytic hydrocracking, employing sulfated mesoporous silica dispersed with nickel as the catalyst. Mesoporous silica was synthesized using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and NaHCO₃ as the template, followed by a hydrothermal method to introduce sulfate groups and nickel metal. Among the synthesized catalysts, SMS-2 exhibited the highest acidity across varying sulfuric acid concentrations, while 1 Ni/SMS-2 demonstrated superior acidity compared to other nickel loadings. The SiO₂, SMS-2, and 1 Ni/SMS-2 catalysts were evaluated for UCO hydrocracking in a semi-batch double-furnace reactor operated at an optimum temperature of 550 °C for 2 h, with a hydrogen flow rate of 20 mL min⁻¹ under atmospheric pressure. Modifying mesoporous silica with sulfuric acid and nickel significantly enhanced its catalytic performance, with the 1 Ni/SMS-2 catalyst achieving the highest liquid product yield (66.10%) and gasoline fraction (35.47%) at an optimum catalyst-to-feed ratio of 1:100 (w/w). Notably, the resulting biogasoline exhibited a calorific value comparable to commercial gasoline and was free of aromatic hydrocarbons, indicating the potential for cleaner combustion. This study provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of mesoporous silica-based catalysts, highlighting their acid site modulation capabilities for efficiently transforming waste into high-value fuels. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

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  • Universitas Gadjah Mada
  • Universitas Sumatera Utara
  • National Research and Innovation Agency
  • State University of Medan
  • Universitas Sains Cut Nyak Dhien
  • University of Palangka Raya
  • Universitas Sari Mutiara Indonesia
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Adyatma BhagaskaraUniversitas Gadjah Mada8
Widuri AnggraeniUniversitas Gadjah Mada7
Dita Adi SaputraNational Research and Innovation Agency7
Akhmad SyoufianUniversitas Gadjah Mada5
Wega TrisunaryantiUniversitas Gadjah Mada4
Iqmal TahirUniversitas Gadjah Mada3
Patrik ChandraUniversitas Gadjah Mada3
Wangsa WangsaUniversitas Gadjah Mada3
Riska Astin FitriaUniversitas Gadjah Mada3
Puspa Nindro MahayuwatiUniversitas Gadjah Mada3
Sri SudionoUniversitas Gadjah Mada2
Won‐Chun OhHanseo University2
Reza Rodhatul JanahUniversitas Gadjah Mada2
Rina AfifahUniversitas Gadjah Mada2
Rian KurniawanUniversitas Gadjah Mada2
W WangsaUniversitas Gadjah Mada2
Elisa PutriUniversitas Sains Cut Nyak Dhien1
Ahmad Nasir PulunganState University of Medan1
Agus HaryonoUniversity of Palangka Raya1
Andriayani AndriayaniUniversitas Sumatera Utara1
Junifa Layla SihombingState University of Medan1
Tiamina NasutionState University of Medan1
Rahayu RahayuState University of Medan1
Yasir Arafat HutapeaUniversitas Sumatera Utara1
Averroes Fazlur Rahman PiliangUniversitas Sumatera Utara1
Kerista TariganUniversitas Sumatera Utara1
Syahrul HumaidiUniversitas Sumatera Utara1
Diana Alemin BarusUniversitas Sumatera Utara1
Marpongahtun MarpongahtunUniversitas Sumatera Utara1
Rufina PramuditaUniversitas Sumatera Utara1
Amru DaulayUniversitas Sumatera Utara1
Vivi PurwandariUniversitas Sari Mutiara Indonesia1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">NaHCO₃-Assisted Synthesis of Ni-Promoted Sulfated Mesoporous Silica for the Hydrocracking of Used Cooking Oil into Biogasoline</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Wijaya, Karna</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Vebryana, Marini Fairuz</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Prasetyo, Niko</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Saviola, Aldino Javier</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Saputri, Wahyu Dita</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Amin, Amalia Kurnia</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Hauli, Latifah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Gea, Saharman</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Biofuel production; catalytic hydrocracking; mesoporous silica; nickel; renewable energy.</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Biofuel production from biomass sources remains a key area of research, aimed at reducing reliance on fossil fuels and promoting environmental sustainability. This study investigates the conversion of used cooking oil (UCO) into biogasoline via catalytic hydrocracking, employing sulfated mesoporous silica dispersed with nickel as the catalyst. Mesoporous silica was synthesized using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and NaHCO₃ as the template, followed by a hydrothermal method to introduce sulfate groups and nickel metal. Among the synthesized catalysts, SMS-2 exhibited the highest acidity across varying sulfuric acid concentrations, while 1 Ni/SMS-2 demonstrated superior acidity compared to other nickel loadings. The SiO₂, SMS-2, and 1 Ni/SMS-2 catalysts were evaluated for UCO hydrocracking in a semi-batch double-furnace reactor operated at an optimum temperature of 550 °C for 2 h, with a hydrogen flow rate of 20 mL min⁻¹ under atmospheric pressure. Modifying mesoporous silica with sulfuric acid and nickel significantly enhanced its catalytic performance, with the 1 Ni/SMS-2 catalyst achieving the highest liquid product yield (66.10%) and gasoline fraction (35.47%) at an optimum catalyst-to-feed ratio of 1:100 (w/w). Notably, the resulting biogasoline exhibited a calorific value comparable to commercial gasoline and was free of aromatic hydrocarbons, indicating the potential for cleaner combustion. This study provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of mesoporous silica-based catalysts, highlighting their acid site modulation capabilities for efficiently transforming waste into high-value fuels. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-04-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/view/20531</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.9767/bcrec.20531</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering &amp; Catalysis; 2026: BCREC Volume 21 Issue 1 Year 2026 (April 2026); 149-167</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1978-2993</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/view/20531/9912</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/downloadSuppFile/20531/6150</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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