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Simultaneous Photocatalytic Esterification and Addition Reaction of Fatty Acids in Kemiri Sunan (Reutealis trisperma sp.) Oil over CuO/TiO2 Catalyst - A Novel Approach

Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis · Vol. ume (2021) · hlm. 816–830

DOI
10.9767/bcrec.16.4.11690.816-830
ISSN
1978-2993
Terbit
2021-12-20
Penerbit
Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

A novel approach, namely photocatalytic esterification and addition reaction of unsaturated fatty acids using CuO/TiO2 catalyst has been investigated in kemiri sunan oil. The objectives of this study are to reduce the free fatty acid (FFA) content by using catalyst CuO/TiO2, characterization of the catalyst and the operation condition of reaction. The CuO/TiO2 catalyst was synthesized by the impregnation of TiO2 P25 powder with copper nitrate solution as a precursor and followed by calcination. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Transmission electron microscopes (TEM) result showed that copper oxide was highly dispersed on the TiO2 surface. The X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) result showed that Cu is in the state of CuO (Cu2+), while Ti is in Ti4+ ( TiO2). The bandgap energy of CuO/TiO2 was smaller than TiO2 P25. It was found that the reactions conducted in the presence of CuO/TiO2 in a photoreactor under UV irradiation can perform esterification and addition reaction of the FFA, simultaneously. The optimum reduction of the FFA was under condition of 4% loading CuO/TiO2, 4 hours reaction time, 30:1 (mole/mole) methanol to oil ratio, 5% (w/w) catalyst amount. The conversion of FFA was at around 59%. The Gas Chromatography—Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) results showed that the addition reaction of -eleostearic acid simultaneously occured at 100% conversion. Although the photocatalyst selectivity in FFA reduction was relatively low, but double bond reduction of -eleostearic acid (C18:3) was very high. The reduction of multiple double bond is considered as positive poin to improve the oxidative stability of the product. The simultaneous esterification and addition reactions mechanism has been proposed. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

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  • University of Indonesia
  • Universitas Gadjah Mada
  • National Research and Innovation Agency
  • Institut Teknologi Indonesia
  • King Saud University
  • Universitas Trisakti
  • Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Hanindyo AdiUniversitas Gadjah Mada3
Abdulrahman S. AldawoodKing Saud University3
Muhammad IbadurrohmanUniversity of Indonesia3
Siti SumarmiUniversitas Gadjah Mada3
Ratnawati RatnawatiInstitut Teknologi Indonesia3
Suwarno HadisusantoUniversitas Gadjah Mada2
Hari Eko PurwantoUniversitas Gadjah Mada2
R.C. Hidayat SoesilohadiUniversitas Gadjah Mada2
Bambang Heru SusantoUniversity of Indonesia2
Reno PratiwiUniversitas Trisakti2
M. Febriansyah BachriUniversity of Indonesia2
Aryo Seto Pandu WirantoUniversitas Gadjah Mada2
Sudaryatno SudaryatnoUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Didik SudarsonoNational Research and Innovation Agency1
Eriawan RismanaNational Research and Innovation Agency1
Marta PramuditaSultan Ageng Tirtayasa University1
Mohammad NasikinUniversity of Indonesia1
Setiadi SetiadiUniversity of Indonesia1
Yuwendi YuwendiUniversity of Indonesia1
Laurentius Hartanto NugrohoUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Endah RetnaningrumUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Syarafina Ratna PutriUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Ign. SudaryadiUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Andhika Puspito NugrohoUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
SudaryatnoUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Julius Rainer SudiantoUniversity of Indonesia1
Saddam HuseinUniversitas Malahayati1
Farah Diba ToyaUniversity of Indonesia1
Satrio KuntolaksonoInstitut Teknologi Indonesia1
Muhammad Fahmi HakimUniversity of Indonesia1
Rike YudiantiNational Research and Innovation Agency1
Rahayu Lestari SugihartiniUniversity of Indonesia1
Saddam HuseinUniversity of Indonesia1
Abdul Hamid BudimanNational Research and Innovation Agency1
Eniya Listiani DewiKementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral1
Ratnawati RatnawatiInstitut Teknologi Indonesia1
Viona WongsoUniversity of Indonesia1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Simultaneous Photocatalytic Esterification and Addition Reaction of Fatty Acids in Kemiri Sunan (Reutealis trisperma sp.) Oil over CuO/TiO2 Catalyst - A Novel Approach</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Redjeki, Athiek Sri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Sukirno, Sukirno</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Slamet, Slamet</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">addition reaction; esterification; kemiri sunan oil; simultaneous photocatalytic esterification; CuO/TiO2</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">A novel approach, namely photocatalytic esterification and addition reaction of unsaturated fatty acids using CuO/TiO2 catalyst has been investigated in kemiri sunan oil. The objectives of this study are to reduce the free fatty acid (FFA) content by using catalyst CuO/TiO2, characterization of the catalyst  and the operation condition of reaction. The CuO/TiO2 catalyst was synthesized by the impregnation of TiO2 P25 powder with copper nitrate solution as a precursor and followed by calcination. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Transmission electron microscopes (TEM) result showed that copper oxide was highly dispersed on the TiO2 surface. The X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) result showed that Cu is in the state of CuO (Cu2+), while Ti is in Ti4+ ( TiO2). The bandgap energy of CuO/TiO2 was smaller than TiO2 P25. It was  found that the reactions conducted in the presence of CuO/TiO2 in a photoreactor under UV irradiation can  perform esterification and addition reaction of the FFA,  simultaneously. The optimum reduction of the FFA was under condition of 4% loading CuO/TiO2, 4 hours reaction time, 30:1 (mole/mole) methanol to oil ratio, 5% (w/w) catalyst amount. The conversion of  FFA was at around 59%. The Gas Chromatography—Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) results showed that the addition reaction of -eleostearic acid simultaneously occured at 100% conversion. Although the photocatalyst selectivity in FFA reduction was relatively  low, but double bond reduction of -eleostearic acid (C18:3) was very high. The reduction of multiple double bond is considered as positive poin to improve the oxidative stability of the product. The simultaneous esterification and addition reactions mechanism has been proposed. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). </dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2021-12-20</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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	<dc:identifier>https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/view/11690</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.9767/bcrec.16.4.11690.816-830</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering &amp; Catalysis; 2021: BCREC Volume 16 Issue 4 Year 2021 (December 2021); 816-830</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1978-2993</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/view/11690/6278</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/downloadSuppFile/11690/2753</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/downloadSuppFile/11690/2754</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/downloadSuppFile/11690/2755</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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