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Investigation on Synthesis of Trimethylolpropane (TMP) Ester from Non-edible Oil

Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis · Vol. ume (2020) · hlm. 808–817

DOI
10.9767/bcrec.15.3.8862.808-817
ISSN
1978-2993
Terbit
2020-12-28
Penerbit
Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Trimethylolpropane (TMP) ester is an eco-friendly lubricant that fully biodegradable and known as bio lubricant. In this study, TMP ester was produced from waste cooking oil and rubber seed oil through a two-step synthesis approach. The reaction is two stages transesterifications, in which the waste cooking oil and the rubber seed oil were first transesterified with methanol to produce methyl ester, followed by transesterification with TMP using para-Toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA) as catalyst. Various effects of operating conditions were observed, such as reaction time, temperature and molar ratio of reactants. The TMP ester formation was determined based on the quantity of reactant conversion. The synthesized TMP ester was compared and characterized according to their properties. The results showed that the TMP ester from waste cooking oil (WCO) has shown better conversion compare to TMP ester from rubber seed oil (RSO), within a similar operating condition. The highest TMP ester conversion from WCO is 71%, at temperature of 150 ºC with molar ratio of FAME to TMP of 3:1 and catalyst amount of 2% (wt/wt). In addition, these polyol based esters from WCO and RSO exhibit appropriate basic properties for viscosity when compare with requirement standard of lubricant ISO VG46. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

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  • Universiti Teknologi MARA
  • State University of Semarang
  • Universitas Negeri Padang
  • King Abdulaziz University
  • Diponegoro University
  • International Islamic University Malaysia
  • Heriot-Watt University
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Ratna Dewi KusumaningtyasState University of Semarang4
Fazlena HamzahUniversiti Teknologi MARA4
Dhoni HartantoState University of Semarang3
Haniif PrasetiawanState University of Semarang3
Miradatul Najwa Muhd RodhiUniversiti Teknologi MARA3
Nur Fatin Syafiqah Mohamad NorUniversiti Teknologi MARA2
Sarina SulaimanInternational Islamic University Malaysia2
Kenneth Stuart SorbieAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Lorraine Scott BoakHeriot-Watt University2
Nurshazwani Shuhada Al BadriUniversiti Teknologi MARA2
Farah Hanim Ab HamidUniversiti Teknologi MARA2
Mohd Zaki Zainal AbidinUniversiti Teknologi MARA2
Dinda Adelia FauziAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Catur Rini WidyastutiState University of Semarang1
Andri Cahyo KumoroDiponegoro University1
Muhammad Zarin Amin ZainalUniversiti Teknologi MARA1
Azianna GusniahUniversiti Teknologi MARA1
Sri Rizki Putri PrimandariUniversitas Negeri Padang1
Andril ArafatUniversitas Negeri Padang1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Investigation on Synthesis of Trimethylolpropane (TMP) Ester from Non-edible Oil</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Kamarudin, Nurazreen Shazwin</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Veny, Harumi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Sidek, Nailah Fasihah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Abnisa, Faisal</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Sazali, Rozana Azrina</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Aziz, Noorhaliza</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">biodiesel; rubber seed oil; waste cooking oil; biolubricant; transesterification; trimethylolpropane triester</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Trimethylolpropane (TMP) ester is an eco-friendly lubricant that fully biodegradable and known as bio lubricant. In this study, TMP ester was produced from waste cooking oil and rubber seed oil through a two-step synthesis approach. The reaction is two stages transesterifications, in which the waste cooking oil and the rubber seed oil were first transesterified with methanol to produce methyl ester, followed by transesterification with TMP using para-Toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA) as catalyst. Various effects of operating conditions were observed, such as reaction time, temperature and molar ratio of reactants. The TMP ester formation was determined based on the quantity of reactant conversion. The synthesized TMP ester was compared and characterized according to their properties. The results showed that the TMP ester from waste cooking oil (WCO) has shown better conversion compare to TMP ester from rubber seed oil (RSO), within a similar operating condition. The highest TMP ester conversion from WCO is 71%, at temperature of 150 ºC with molar ratio of FAME to TMP of 3:1 and catalyst amount of 2% (wt/wt). In addition, these polyol based esters from WCO and RSO exhibit appropriate basic properties for viscosity when compare with requirement standard of lubricant ISO VG46. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).  </dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2020-12-28</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US"></dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/view/8862</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.9767/bcrec.15.3.8862.808-817</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering &amp; Catalysis; 2020: BCREC Volume 15 Issue 3 Year 2020 (December 2020); 808-817</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1978-2993</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/view/8862/4701</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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