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Production of Triacetin by Microwave Assisted Esterification of Glycerol Using Activated Natural Zeolite

Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis · Vol. ume (2019) · hlm. 672–677

DOI
10.9767/bcrec.14.3.4250.672-677
ISSN
1978-2993
Terbit
2019-12-01
Penerbit
Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Triacetin, an alternative biodiesel additive, was prepared by esterification of glycerol with acetic acid in the presence of chemically activated natural zeolite. The esterification was carried out in a small reaction flask under microwave irradiation. The catalyst was characterized for its morphology by SEM and its chemical composition by X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrograph indicates improved surface area of the zeolite, while the XRD analysis shows an increase in Si/Al ratio from natural zeolite to 6.042 and its crystallinity value of 12.23%. The Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) analysis obtained showed that microwave-heated samples have an esters group spectrum of triacetin at 1702 cm-1. The conversion value of glycerol was more than 95% at molar ratio of the reactants 1:9 and catalyst loading of 3%. The selectivities for monoacetin, diacetin and triacetin were 80.1%, 15.4%, and 4.5% at 60 minutes, and 43.0%, 48.6%, and 8.3% at 90 minutes. It shows that the conversion took place in consecutive steps and the use of microwave allows the reaction proceeding at milder condition.

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  • Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang
  • Bandung Institute of Technology
  • Hasanuddin University
  • Bandung Islamic University
  • Universitas Halu Oleo
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Muhammad YanisAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Pirman PirmanPoliteknik Negeri Ujung Pandang2
Faisal AbdullahAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Kuntjoro Adji SidartoBandung Institute of Technology2
Syafaruddin SyafaruddinHasanuddin University1
La Ode SuriadiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ambo Wonua NusantaraAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Heppi MilliaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
M. NatsirAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Pasrun AdamAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Reza Nur WahidAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Abdul RohmanBandung Islamic University1
Wasehudin WasehudinAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Muh Barid Nizarudin WajdiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Maiata Devi AriskaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Wasilatul Murtafi’ahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Hafni Putri Indriani IndraAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Adisalamun AdisalamunAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Aula ChairunnisakAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Nasrullah RCLAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Cut Meurah RosnellyAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Edi MunawarAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Hesti MeilinaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
ZULKIFLI ZULKIFLIAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ainul MardhiahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Badrul MunirAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Syafrizal IdrisAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Dian DarismaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Rifa Salma SalsabilaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Subhan SubhanUniversitas Halu Oleo1
safrilsyah safrilsyahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ibrahim IbrahimAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Mohd Zailani Mohd YusoffAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Mhd. Ricky DarusmanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Production of Triacetin by Microwave Assisted Esterification of Glycerol Using Activated Natural Zeolite</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Marwan, Marwan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Indarti, Eti</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Darmadi, Darmadi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Rinaldi, Wahyu</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Hamzah, Dzikri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Rinaldi, Taufik</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Triacetin; Glycerol; Biodiesel Additive; Zeolite; Microwave</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Triacetin, an alternative biodiesel additive, was prepared by esterification of glycerol with acetic acid in the presence of chemically activated natural zeolite. The esterification was carried out in a small reaction flask under microwave irradiation. The catalyst was characterized for its morphology by SEM and its chemical composition by X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrograph indicates improved surface area of the zeolite, while the XRD analysis shows an increase in Si/Al ratio from natural zeolite to 6.042 and its crystallinity value of 12.23%. The Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) analysis obtained showed that microwave-heated samples have an esters group spectrum of triacetin at 1702 cm-1. The conversion value of glycerol was more than 95% at molar ratio of the reactants 1:9 and catalyst loading of 3%. The selectivities for monoacetin, diacetin and triacetin were 80.1%, 15.4%, and 4.5% at 60 minutes, and 43.0%, 48.6%, and 8.3% at 90 minutes. It shows that the conversion took place in consecutive steps and the use of microwave allows the reaction proceeding at milder condition. </dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)</dc:publisher>
	<dc:contributor xml:lang="en-US">Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education, Indonesia through the Higher Education Priority Research (PTUPT) Scheme (Grant Number 122/UN11.2/PP/SP3/2018)</dc:contributor>
	<dc:date>2019-12-01</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US"></dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/view/4250</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.9767/bcrec.14.3.4250.672-677</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering &amp; Catalysis; 2019: BCREC Volume 14 Issue 3 Year 2019 (December 2019); 672-677</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1978-2993</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/view/4250/2922</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/downloadSuppFile/4250/965</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/downloadSuppFile/4250/966</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2019 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>