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Electroencephalogram-Based Emotion Classification Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques

IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems) · Vol. 18 No. 3 (2024)

DOI
10.22146/ijccs.96665
ISSN
2460-7258, 1978-1520
Published
2024-07-31
Publisher
IndoCEISS in colaboration with Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstract

Electroencephalogram (EEG) records brain activity as electrical currents to discern emotions. As interest in human-computer emotional connections rises, reliable and implementable emotion recognition algorithms are essential. This study classifies EEG waves using machine and deep learning. A four-channel Muse EEG headband recorded neutral, negative, and positive emotions for the publicly available Feeling Emotions EEG dataset. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) were utilized for deep learning, while SVM, K-NN, and MLP were used for machine learning. The models were assessed for accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-Score. SVM, K-NN, and MLP have accuracy scores of 0.98, 0.95, and 0.97. Deep learning methods CNN, LSTM, and GRU had 0.98, 0.82, and 0.97 accuracy. SVM and CNN surpassed other approaches in accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-Score. The research shows that machine learning and deep learning can classify EEG signals to identify emotions. High accuracy results, especially from SVM and CNN, suggest these models could be used in emotion-aware human-computer interaction systems. This study adds to EEG-based emotion classification research by revealing model selection and parameter tweaking strategies for better categorization.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

3 authors · 2 co-authorship links · 2 across different organisations

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  • Udayana University
  • Institut Bisnis dan Teknologi Indonesia
  • Universitas Gadjah Mada
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
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Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Agus HarjokoUniversitas Gadjah Mada1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijccs/oai, first harvested 26 Okt 2026, last seen 26 Okt 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Electroencephalogram-Based Emotion Classification Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Mastrika Giri, Gst Ayu Vida</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Radhitya, Made Leo</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Computer Science</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">classification; deep learning; electroencephalogram; emotion; machine learning</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US"> Electroencephalogram (EEG) records brain activity as electrical currents to discern emotions. As interest in human-computer emotional connections rises, reliable and implementable emotion recognition algorithms are essential. This study classifies EEG waves using machine and deep learning. A four-channel Muse EEG headband recorded neutral, negative, and positive emotions for the publicly available Feeling Emotions EEG dataset. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) were utilized for deep learning, while SVM, K-NN, and MLP were used for machine learning. The models were assessed for accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-Score. SVM, K-NN, and MLP have accuracy scores of 0.98, 0.95, and 0.97. Deep learning methods CNN, LSTM, and GRU had 0.98, 0.82, and 0.97 accuracy. SVM and CNN surpassed other approaches in accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-Score. The research shows that machine learning and deep learning can classify EEG signals to identify emotions. High accuracy results, especially from SVM and CNN, suggest these models could be used in emotion-aware human-computer interaction systems. This study adds to EEG-based emotion classification research by revealing model selection and parameter tweaking strategies for better categorization.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">IndoCEISS in colaboration with Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.</dc:publisher>
	<dc:contributor xml:lang="en-US"></dc:contributor>
	<dc:date>2024-07-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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	<dc:identifier>https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijccs/article/view/96665</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.22146/ijccs.96665</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems); Vol 18, No 3 (2024): July</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2460-7258</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1978-1520</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijccs/article/view/96665/39742</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2024 IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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