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Antifungal Activity of Rice Husk-Derived Liquid Smoke: Growth Suppression of Rhizoctonia solani and Bioactive Compound Profiling

Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture · Vol. 40 No. 3 (2025) · hlm. 376–389

DOI
10.20961/carakatani.v40i3.95289
ISSN
2599-2570, 2613-9456
Terbit
2025-06-30
Penerbit
Universitas Sebelas Maret
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

Abstrak

Sheath blight poses a major challenge in rice cultivation, with current control methods relying heavily on synthetic fungicides. Environmentally sustainable alternatives, such as bioactive compounds derived from agricultural waste, offer promising potential for integrated disease management. This study investigated the antifungal efficacy of rice husk-derived liquid smoke against Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agent of rice sheath blight, and identified its active compounds using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Liquid smoke was produced through the pyrolysis of rice husks and incorporated into potato dextrose agar at concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% (v/v). R. solani was isolated from infected rice plants, and its pathogenicity was confirmed on rice seeds and seedlings. The in vitro antifungal activity was assessed by measuring colony diameter and calculating the percentage of mycelial growth inhibition over 7 days. The results demonstrated that liquid smoke significantly inhibited the growth of R. solani in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.001; exact p = 4.36 × 10-²⁴), with the 5% concentration achieving 100% inhibition. Qualitative microscopic observations revealed morphological abnormalities in fungal hyphae at higher concentrations. GC-MS analysis identified 40 bioactive compounds in the liquid smoke, including phenolic compounds and organic acids, which are known for their antimicrobial properties. The findings suggest that rice husk-derived liquid smoke possesses potent antifungal activity against R. solani due to the presence of these compounds. This study concludes that rice husk liquid smoke can serve as an effective, eco-friendly alternative to synthetic fungicides for controlling sheath blight disease in rice cultivation.

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  • Universitas Jember
  • Universitas Borneo Tarakan
  • Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry
  • National Research and Innovation Agency
  • Andalas University
  • Magyar Agrár- és Élettudományi Egyetem
  • Saga University
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Fariz Kustiawan AlfarisyUniversitas Jember5
Mohammad HoesainUniversitas Jember4
Sri WahyuningsihUniversitas Jember3
Nanang Tri HaryadiUniversitas Jember2
Anita FirnandaUniversitas Jember2
Albert FredrickUniversitas Borneo Tarakan1
Abdul RahimUniversitas Borneo Tarakan1
Farchan Mushal Al RamadhanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
RismayaniAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Rachmi MasnilahUniversitas Jember1
Suhartiningsih Dwi NurchayantiUniversitas Jember1
Dwi Tirta SariUniversitas Jember1
Sri Ita TariganMagyar Agrár- és Élettudományi Egyetem1
Toyoshi YoshigaSaga University1
Andriansyah AndriansyahThe Ohio State University1
Dewi Caesaria FitrianiUniversitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry1
Umar Bin Abdul AzizUniversitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry1
Jamaliah HasballahUniversitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry1
Rini MastutiSamudra University1
Ricky Febrinaldy SimanjuntakUniversitas Borneo Tarakan1
Nuril FarizahIPB University1
KartinaUniversitas Borneo Tarakan1
Andi Izza NaafilahUniversitas Borneo Tarakan1
Diana Purnama SariUniversitas Borneo Tarakan1
Sigit PrastowoUniversitas Jember1
Ali WafaUniversitas Jember1
Hardian Susilo AddyUniversitas Jember1
Widi Kusuma WardhaniUniversitas Jember1
Zul Fauzi Nugroho HadiUniversitas Jember1
Yuli HariyatiUniversitas Jember1
Sudarko SudarkoUniversitas Jember1
Mochammad Wildan JadmikoUniversitas Jember1
Dyah Retno AnggrainiUniversitas Jember1
Dyah Ayu SavitriUniversitas Jember1
Sofia SofiaUniversitas Jember1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://jurnal.uns.ac.id/carakatani/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Antifungal Activity of Rice Husk-Derived Liquid Smoke: Growth Suppression of Rhizoctonia solani and Bioactive Compound Profiling</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Pradana, Ankardiansyah Pandu</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Damayanti, Deril Indana</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Adiwena, Muh</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Yousif, Ahmed Ibrahim Alrashid</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Putri, Diana</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">plant disease; plant protection</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">GC-MS; inhibitor; natural pesticide; pyrolysis; sheath blight</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Sheath blight poses a major challenge in rice cultivation, with current control methods relying heavily on synthetic fungicides. Environmentally sustainable alternatives, such as bioactive compounds derived from agricultural waste, offer promising potential for integrated disease management. This study investigated the antifungal efficacy of rice husk-derived liquid smoke against Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agent of rice sheath blight, and identified its active compounds using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Liquid smoke was produced through the pyrolysis of rice husks and incorporated into potato dextrose agar at concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% (v/v). R. solani was isolated from infected rice plants, and its pathogenicity was confirmed on rice seeds and seedlings. The in vitro antifungal activity was assessed by measuring colony diameter and calculating the percentage of mycelial growth inhibition over 7 days. The results demonstrated that liquid smoke significantly inhibited the growth of R. solani in a concentration-dependent manner (p &amp;lt; 0.001; exact p = 4.36 × 10-²⁴), with the 5% concentration achieving 100% inhibition. Qualitative microscopic observations revealed morphological abnormalities in fungal hyphae at higher concentrations. GC-MS analysis identified 40 bioactive compounds in the liquid smoke, including phenolic compounds and organic acids, which are known for their antimicrobial properties. The findings suggest that rice husk-derived liquid smoke possesses potent antifungal activity against R. solani due to the presence of these compounds. This study concludes that rice husk liquid smoke can serve as an effective, eco-friendly alternative to synthetic fungicides for controlling sheath blight disease in rice cultivation.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Universitas Sebelas Maret</dc:publisher>
	<dc:contributor xml:lang="en-US">Universitas Jember</dc:contributor>
	<dc:date>2025-06-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US"></dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/octet-stream</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/carakatani/article/view/95289</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.20961/carakatani.v40i3.95289</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture; Vol 40, No 3 (2025): July; 376-389</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2599-2570</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2613-9456</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/carakatani/article/view/95289/pdf</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/carakatani/article/downloadSuppFile/95289/19605</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/carakatani/article/downloadSuppFile/95289/21630</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/carakatani/article/downloadSuppFile/95289/21631</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/carakatani/article/downloadSuppFile/95289/21632</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/carakatani/article/downloadSuppFile/95289/21633</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2025 Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</dc:rights>
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