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Development of Sustainable Bioplastic Composite Films from Cocoa Pod Husk Waste Cellulose and Kappa-Carrageenan

Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture · Vol. 40 No. 1 (2024) · hlm. 34–51

DOI
10.20961/carakatani.v40i1.92035
ISSN
2599-2570, 2613-9456
Terbit
2024-12-22
Penerbit
Universitas Sebelas Maret
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

Abstrak

Cocoa pod husk (CPH), typically considered agricultural waste, contains cellulose suitable for bioplastic production, offering a sustainable alternative to synthetic plastics. Its reinforcement with kappa-carrageenan is designed to improve the properties of cellulose-based bioplastics while reducing agricultural waste. This study evaluates the effects of cellulose from CPH waste and kappa-carrageenan formulations on bioplastic properties. The cellulose was isolated through a delignification and bleaching process, while the bioplastics were prepared by varying the ratios of cellulose and kappa-carrageenan in six different formulations. The resulting films were evaluated for their physical, mechanical, and barrier properties, as well as their stability and biodegradability. The ratio of cellulose to kappa-carrageenan significantly impacts the films’ properties. Significant improvements in tensile strength were observed in P5 (2 g cellulose, 8 g kappa-carrageenan) and P6 (10 g kappa-carrageenan), increasing by 79% and 240%, respectively, as the cellulose concentration decreased and kappa-carrageenan increased. However, the significant drawback in barrier properties was found in water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), with the higher kappa-carrageenan and lower cellulose concentrations films resulting in increased WVTR values by 13% (P5) and 17% (P6). The bioplastic with P1 (8 g cellulose, 2 g carrageenan), P2 (6 g cellulose, 4 g carrageenan), P3 (5 g cellulose, 5 g carrageenan), and P4 (4 g cellulose, 6 g carrageenan) formulations completely degraded in 3 weeks, while those with higher kappa-carrageenan content degraded faster, with P5 completely degrading in 2 weeks and P6 in 1 week. This study implies a potential reduction in environmental impact by replacing conventional plastics with the development of biodegradable materials derived from agricultural waste and promoting sustainable agricultural practices by utilizing CPH.

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  • Lampung University
  • Universitas Negeri Padang
  • IPB University
  • National Research and Innovation Agency
  • Telkom University
  • Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
  • Universitas Sahid Jakarta
  • Organisasi lain
  • Afiliasi tidak diketahui
  • Organisasi berbeda
  • Organisasi sama
  • Afiliasi tidak diketahui
  • Garis lebih tebal = lebih banyak artikel bersama · lingkaran lebih besar = lebih banyak artikel
Tampilkan sebagai tabel
Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Esa Ghanim FadhallahAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Nurullia FebriatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Nurullia FebriatiLampung University3
Haidawati HaidawatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Frily Aurelia Salshabila FahleviAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Hersan Pratama AshariAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Yosnita AnggrianiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Ni Made Puspa DewiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Dea MerandaAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Elita MulianingsihAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Frily Aurelia Salshabila FahleviLampung University2
Hersan Pratama AshariLampung University2
Yosnita AnggrianiLampung University2
Ni Made Puspa DewiLampung University2
Dea MerandaLampung University2
Elita MulianingsihLampung University2
Regita Putri PermataTelkom University1
Amri MuhaiminInstitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember1
Aldri FrinaldiUniversitas Negeri Padang1
Herza NettiUniversitas Negeri Padang1
Nafiah AriyaniUniversitas Sahid Jakarta1
Bambang RiyantoIPB University1
Akhiruddin MadduIPB University1
Erdi SurosoLampung University1
Tanto Pratondo UtomoLampung University1
Astri NurainiLampung University1
Zulferiyenni ZulferiyenniLampung University1
Wisnu SatyajayaLampung University1
Susilawati SusilawatiPoliteknik Negeri Subang1
Putri NavisaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ribut SugihartoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Susilawati SusilawatiLampung University1
Putri NavisaLampung University1
Ribut SugihartoLampung University1

Afiliasi berasal dari OpenAlex; metadata OAI-PMH jurnal tidak memuatnya. Penulis tanpa ID OpenAlex dicocokkan berdasarkan nama, sehingga dua orang bisa tergabung atau satu orang bisa terpisah.

Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://jurnal.uns.ac.id/carakatani/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Development of Sustainable Bioplastic Composite Films from Cocoa Pod Husk Waste Cellulose and Kappa-Carrageenan</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Fadhallah, Esa Ghanim</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Zuidar, Ahmad Sapta</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Hidayati, Sri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Haidawati, Haidawati</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Dameswary, Amarilia Harsanti</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Ramadhani, Aisyah Tri</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">food science</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">biodegradability; food packaging; mechanical properties</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Cocoa pod husk (CPH), typically considered agricultural waste, contains cellulose suitable for bioplastic production, offering a sustainable alternative to synthetic plastics. Its reinforcement with kappa-carrageenan is designed to improve the properties of cellulose-based bioplastics while reducing agricultural waste. This study evaluates the effects of cellulose from CPH waste and kappa-carrageenan formulations on bioplastic properties. The cellulose was isolated through a delignification and bleaching process, while the bioplastics were prepared by varying the ratios of cellulose and kappa-carrageenan in six different formulations. The resulting films were evaluated for their physical, mechanical, and barrier properties, as well as their stability and biodegradability. The ratio of cellulose to kappa-carrageenan significantly impacts the films’ properties. Significant improvements in tensile strength were observed in P5 (2 g cellulose, 8 g kappa-carrageenan) and P6 (10 g kappa-carrageenan), increasing by 79% and 240%, respectively, as the cellulose concentration decreased and kappa-carrageenan increased. However, the significant drawback in barrier properties was found in water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), with the higher kappa-carrageenan and lower cellulose concentrations films resulting in increased WVTR values by 13% (P5) and 17% (P6). The bioplastic with P1 (8 g cellulose, 2 g carrageenan), P2 (6 g cellulose, 4 g carrageenan), P3 (5 g cellulose, 5 g carrageenan), and P4 (4 g cellulose, 6 g carrageenan) formulations completely degraded in 3 weeks, while those with higher kappa-carrageenan content degraded faster, with P5 completely degrading in 2 weeks and P6 in 1 week. This study implies a potential reduction in environmental impact by replacing conventional plastics with the development of biodegradable materials derived from agricultural waste and promoting sustainable agricultural practices by utilizing CPH.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Universitas Sebelas Maret</dc:publisher>
	<dc:contributor xml:lang="en-US">Universitas Lampung for their financial support in this study through the Basic Research Scheme Grant 2024 (No. 2221/UN26/PN.06/2024)</dc:contributor>
	<dc:date>2024-12-22</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
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	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/carakatani/article/view/92035</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.20961/carakatani.v40i1.92035</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture; Vol 40, No 1 (2025): January; 34-51</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2599-2570</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2613-9456</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/carakatani/article/view/92035/pdf</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/carakatani/article/downloadSuppFile/92035/18486</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/carakatani/article/downloadSuppFile/92035/18487</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2025 Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>