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Insight into Aluminum Leaching with Microwave from Peat Clay: A Comparative Kinetic Study of SC and BIC Models

Communications in Science and Technology · Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025) · hlm. 447–459

DOI
10.21924/cst.10.2.2025.1850
ISSN
2502-9266, 2502-9258
Terbit
2025-12-31
Penerbit
Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Abstrak

The depletion of bauxite reserves has prompted the research of various types of soil as alternative sources of aluminum, such as the peat clay used in this study. The complexity of the minerals requires a more efficient leaching methods, while microwave-based leaching offers a potential approach through rapid and uniform heating. This study examines the effect of microwave power, HCl concentration, operating temperature, and particle size on the leaching efficiency of aluminum from peat clay soil. The leaching process was modeled using two approaches, namely the shrinking core (SC) model and the broken-intact cell (BIC) model under pseudo-steady state conditions. The results showed that increasing HCl concentration, microwave power, and temperature accelerated leaching, while increasing particle size decreased leaching efficiency. Optimum conditions were achieved at 4 M HCl concentration, 100 W power, 40 °C temperature, and 0.0074 cm particle size. The shrinking core (SC) model showed better fit under most conditions, while the intact-broken cell (BIC) model was more accurate at lower temperatures and particle sizes. The simulation results showed that the most suitable parameter values in the SC model were De = 0.0049 cm2/s, k = 10.5 cm/s, and kc = 2.49 cm/s, while in the BIC model De = 0.04808 cm2/s and K = 0.02689 g/cm3 were obtained. These results confirm the superiority of the SC model in representing microwave-based leaching mechanisms in general, while the BIC model provides additional insights under diffusion-limited conditions. Process Performance Index (PPI) analysis showed that optimum conditions were achieved at 4 M HCl and 40 °C, but lower acid concentrations also yielded competitive PPI. This confirms that leaching effectiveness is determined by a combination of alumina recovery and reagent consumption efficiency. These findings contribute to the development of leaching kinetics models and the optimization of more efficient and energy-saving aluminum extraction processes.

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  • Lambung Mangkurat University
  • National Research and Innovation Agency
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Doni Rahmat WicaksoLambung Mangkurat University2
Era AgustinLambung Mangkurat University1
Nova Fitria NopembrianiLambung Mangkurat University1
Ikhsan FirdausLambung Mangkurat University1
Muhammad Rizki FadillahLambung Mangkurat University1
Uyu SaismanaLambung Mangkurat University1
SunardiLambung Mangkurat University1
SuryajayaLambung Mangkurat University1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://cst.kipmi.or.id/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Insight into Aluminum Leaching with Microwave from Peat Clay: A Comparative Kinetic Study of SC and BIC Models</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Mirwan, Agus</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Hairullah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Jelita, Rinny</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Jefriadi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Putra, Meilana Dharma</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Ilmanto, Bintang Hambela</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Putri, Hexas Sarastiwi Handayani</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Ulum, Muhammad Bahrul</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Haka, Muhammad Rofi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Darmawan, Muhammad Arif</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">microwave-assisted leaching</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">aluminum</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">shrinking core</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">peat clay</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">broken and intact cells</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">kinetic model</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">The depletion of bauxite reserves has prompted the research of various types of soil as alternative sources of aluminum, such as the peat clay used in this study. The complexity of the minerals requires a more efficient leaching methods, while microwave-based leaching offers a potential approach through rapid and uniform heating. This study examines the effect of microwave power, HCl concentration, operating temperature, and particle size on the leaching efficiency of aluminum from peat clay soil. The leaching process was modeled using two approaches, namely the shrinking core (SC) model and the broken-intact cell (BIC) model under pseudo-steady state conditions. The results showed that increasing HCl concentration, microwave power, and temperature accelerated leaching, while increasing particle size decreased leaching efficiency. Optimum conditions were achieved at 4 M HCl concentration, 100 W power, 40 °C temperature, and 0.0074 cm particle size. The shrinking core (SC) model showed better fit under most conditions, while the intact-broken cell (BIC) model was more accurate at lower temperatures and particle sizes. The simulation results showed that the most suitable parameter values in the SC model were De = 0.0049 cm2/s, k = 10.5 cm/s, and kc = 2.49 cm/s, while in the BIC model De = 0.04808 cm2/s and K = 0.02689 g/cm3 were obtained. These results confirm the superiority of the SC model in representing microwave-based leaching mechanisms in general, while the BIC model provides additional insights under diffusion-limited conditions. Process Performance Index (PPI) analysis showed that optimum conditions were achieved at 4 M HCl and 40 °C, but lower acid concentrations also yielded competitive PPI. This confirms that leaching effectiveness is determined by a combination of alumina recovery and reagent consumption efficiency. These findings contribute to the development of leaching kinetics models and the optimization of more efficient and energy-saving aluminum extraction processes.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-12-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://cst.kipmi.or.id/journal/article/view/1850</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.21924/cst.10.2.2025.1850</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Communications in Science and Technology; Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025); 447-459</dc:source>
	<dc:source xml:lang="id-ID">Communications in Science and Technology; Vol 10 No 2 (2025); 447-459</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2502-9266</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2502-9258</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.21924/cst.10.2.2025</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://cst.kipmi.or.id/journal/article/view/1850/251</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2025 Communications in Science and Technology</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</dc:rights>
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