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Global research trends in biodiesel production from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) using CaO, MgO, and TiO2 heterogeneous catalysts: a bibliometric analysis (2015-2025)

Communications in Science and Technology · Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026) · hlm. 82–99

DOI
10.21924/cst.11.1.2026.1878
ISSN
2502-9266, 2502-9258
Terbit
2026-07-02
Penerbit
Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Abstrak

This bibliometric study provides a comprehensive of global research on biodiesel production from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) using heterogeneous CaO, MgO, and TiO2 catalysts during the period of 2015–2025. A total of 179 Scopus-indexed documents were analyzed by means of VOSviewer to examine publication trends, citation impact, co-authorship networks, and keyword co-occurrence. It is evident that Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia dominate both the publications and citations, reflecting their dominant palm oil production capacity. A substantial proportion of publications is concentrated on high-impact journals in the fields of energy and chemical engineering. A keyword clustering analysis reveals five main themes: process optimization, catalyst synthesis (including waste-derived CaO), feedstock diversification, activation/intensification techniques, and sustainability. The results demonstrate a predominance of laboratory-scale studies employing waste-based oxides, with a paucity of research addressing pilot-scale implementation, techno-economic assessment, and life cycle analysis. The findings provide a strategic roadmap for researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders to prioritize future developments in PFAD-based biodiesel production, particularly in catalyst scale-up, techno-economic assessment, and sustainable process integration. The primary benefit of this study is its capacity to systematically consolidate a decade of disparate research into a structured analytical framework, thereby enabling more targeted investment in under-explored areas such as pilot-scale implementation and life cycle analysis. In turn, this is expected to accelerate the transition of PFAD-based biodiesel from laboratory research to industrial application.

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  • Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia
  • Diponegoro University
  • Universitas Bhayangkara Surabaya
  • Cenderawasih University
  • Universitas Wahid Hasyim
  • State University of Semarang
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Haryono HaryonoUniversitas Bhayangkara Surabaya3
Wardi WardiAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Hashfi Hawali Abdul MatinAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Apoina KartiniAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Suhartono SuhartonoAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Yuli UtantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Masbirorotni MasbirorotniAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Nellitawati NellitawatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Jasrial JasrialAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Anisah AnisahAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Widayat WidayatAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Purwanto PurwantoCenderawasih University2
Sulistiyani SulistiyaniAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Indro SumantriAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Yoyon WahyonoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Rita Dwi RatnaniUniversitas Wahid Hasyim1
W. WidiyantoDiponegoro University1
M. A. AdhiState University of Semarang1
Wilson Evan AtenAtma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia1
Amelia ThiopelusAtma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia1
Tesya TesyaAtma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia1
Jeremy JeconiahAtma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia1
Lady Virginia Jeanette WurangianAtma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia1
Felicia Faustina RahardjaAtma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia1
Rafaelle Thalya WangsaputriAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Vanya Laura AndiniAtma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia1
Angely Margaretha EriadyAtma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia1
Putu Bagus Aditya Adi PerdanaAtma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia1
Juan Andre KuistonoAtma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia1
Hartuti PurnaweniDiponegoro University1
Iklia MaritaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ratih RahayuningsihAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Antono SurjoputroAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Andi Irwan BenardiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Moh. Nasrul BaharsyahAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Andre KiswantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Arin Ike KristantiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

Afiliasi berasal dari OpenAlex; metadata OAI-PMH jurnal tidak memuatnya. Penulis tanpa ID OpenAlex dicocokkan berdasarkan nama, sehingga dua orang bisa tergabung atau satu orang bisa terpisah.

Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://cst.kipmi.or.id/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Global research trends in biodiesel production from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) using CaO, MgO, and TiO2 heterogeneous catalysts: a bibliometric analysis (2015-2025)</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Syam, Sri Rezki Mardiah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Budiyono, Budiyono</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Biodiesel production</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Palm fatty acid distillate</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Heterogeneous catalysts</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Renewable energy</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Bibliometric analysis</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">This bibliometric study provides a comprehensive of global research on biodiesel production from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) using heterogeneous CaO, MgO, and TiO2 catalysts during the period of 2015–2025. A total of 179 Scopus-indexed documents were analyzed by means of VOSviewer to examine publication trends, citation impact, co-authorship networks, and keyword co-occurrence. It is evident that Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia dominate both the publications and citations, reflecting their dominant palm oil production capacity. A substantial proportion of publications is concentrated on high-impact journals in the fields of energy and chemical engineering. A keyword clustering analysis reveals five main themes: process optimization, catalyst synthesis (including waste-derived CaO), feedstock diversification, activation/intensification techniques, and sustainability. The results demonstrate a predominance of laboratory-scale studies employing waste-based oxides, with a paucity of research addressing pilot-scale implementation, techno-economic assessment, and life cycle analysis. The findings provide a strategic roadmap for researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders to prioritize future developments in PFAD-based biodiesel production, particularly in catalyst scale-up, techno-economic assessment, and sustainable process integration. The primary benefit of this study is its capacity to systematically consolidate a decade of disparate research into a structured analytical framework, thereby enabling more targeted investment in under-explored areas such as pilot-scale implementation and life cycle analysis. In turn, this is expected to accelerate the transition of PFAD-based biodiesel from laboratory research to industrial application.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-07-02</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://cst.kipmi.or.id/journal/article/view/1878</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.21924/cst.11.1.2026.1878</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Communications in Science and Technology; Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026); 82-99</dc:source>
	<dc:source xml:lang="id-ID">Communications in Science and Technology; Vol 11 No 1 (2026); 82-99</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2502-9266</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2502-9258</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.21924/cst.11.1.2026</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://cst.kipmi.or.id/journal/article/view/1878/264</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2026 Communications in Science and Technology</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>