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Screening of oral premalignant lesions in smokers using toluidine blue

Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) · Vol. 42 No. 2 (2009) · hlm. 90–93

DOI
10.20473/j.djmkg.v42.i2.p90-93
ISSN
2442-9740, 1978-3728
Terbit
2009-06-01
Penerbit
Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en
Bahasa
eng

Abstrak

Background: A smoker is associated with the risk of developing oral premalignant lesions due to the cacinogenic contents in cigarette. Toluidine blue is a basic chromatic dye used in screening the presence of premalignant lesions due to its ability to detect acidic components in cells and tissues. Purpose: This study was purposed to observe the outcomes of toluidine blue staining on oral mucosa of smokers and non smokers and to find out whether quantity and duration of smoking affect the final results of toluidine blue staining. Methods: Forty male subjects, aged 20-60 years old were involved in this study, consisted of 10 heavy smokers, 10 moderate smokers, 10 light smokers and 10 non smokers. Subjects were instructed to rinse their mouths with mineral water for 20 seconds followed by acetic acid 1% for another 20 seconds. Toluidine blue stain was applied in excess and left on site for 1 minute. Subjects were instructed to rinse with acetic acid 1% and sufficient water consecutively for 20 seconds each. The areas of oral mucosa that stained blue were captured with intraoral camera and transferred to the computer unit. The staining procedure was repeated after 14 days. Results: Chi-square test showed that toluidine blue positive staining dominates the smokers group. Regression and correlation test indicate that Toluidine blue staining is more obvious in subjects who consume more cigarettes. Conclusion: It was concluded that oral mucosa of smokers absorbed more toluidine blue than that of non smokers and retention of toluidine blue is affected by quantity and duration of smoking.

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  • State University of Semarang
  • Universitas Gadjah Mada
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Dewi Liesnoor SetyowatiState University of Semarang1
Sugiyanto SugiyantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
T. BudiyantiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
A. SoemargonoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
A. SusiloadiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Marsetyawan HNE SoesatyoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Siti SunarintyasAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Archadian NuryantiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Pinandi Sri PudyaniAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Sri SuparwitriAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Sofia Mubarika HaryanaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Widya AsmaraUniversitas Gadjah Mada1
Heni SusilowatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Suryani HutomoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKG/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Screening of oral premalignant lesions in smokers using toluidine blue</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Leosari, Yanti</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Hadiati, Sri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Agustina, Dewi</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">cigarette</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">oral mucosa</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">toluidine blue</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">smokers</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Background: A smoker is associated with the risk of developing oral premalignant lesions due to the cacinogenic contents in cigarette. Toluidine blue is a basic chromatic dye used in screening the presence of premalignant lesions due to its ability to detect acidic components in cells and tissues. Purpose: This study was purposed to observe the outcomes of toluidine blue staining on oral mucosa of smokers and non smokers and to find out whether quantity and duration of smoking affect the final results of toluidine blue staining. Methods: Forty male subjects, aged 20-60 years old were involved in this study, consisted of 10 heavy smokers, 10 moderate smokers, 10 light smokers and 10 non smokers. Subjects were instructed to rinse their mouths with mineral water for 20 seconds followed by acetic acid 1% for another 20 seconds. Toluidine blue stain was applied in excess and left on site for 1 minute. Subjects were instructed to rinse with acetic acid 1% and sufficient water consecutively for 20 seconds each. The areas of oral mucosa that stained blue were captured with intraoral camera and transferred to the computer unit. The staining procedure was repeated after 14 days. Results: Chi-square test showed that toluidine blue positive staining dominates the smokers group. Regression and correlation test indicate that Toluidine blue staining is more obvious in subjects who consume more cigarettes. Conclusion: It was concluded that oral mucosa of smokers absorbed more toluidine blue than that of non smokers and retention of toluidine blue is affected by quantity and duration of smoking.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2009-06-01</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKG/article/view/964</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.20473/j.djmkg.v42.i2.p90-93</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi); Vol. 42 No. 2 (2009): June 2009; 90-93</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2442-9740</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1978-3728</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKG/article/view/964/749</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2015 Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi)</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>