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The correlation between pH and flow rate of salivary smokers related to nicotine levels labelled on cigarettes

Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) · Vol. 50 No. 2 (2017) · hlm. 61–65

DOI
10.20473/j.djmkg.v50.i2.p61-65
ISSN
2442-9740, 1978-3728
Terbit
2017-06-30
Penerbit
Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en
Bahasa
eng

Abstrak

Background: Saliva is a biological fluid in oral cavity that plays a role in maintaining the environmental balance and oral commensal. Nicotine of cigarettes has been reported as a predisposing factor for changing of pH and salivary flow rate, thereby changing in biological salivary components. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the correlation between salivary pH and salivary flow rate in smokers with nicotine levels labeled on cigarettes. Methods: Purposive sampling was conducted involving 40 male smokers. Before participating, they filled a questionnaire related to the history of their smoking habit. Using a spitting method for 5 minutes their saliva was collected. Results: Result of Pearson correlation test showed that there was a significant correlation between smoking intensity and salivary flow rate of those smokers (r = -0.486 and p 0.512). There was no correlation between nicotine levels labeled on cigarettes and salivary pH of those smokers (r = -0.216, p>0.181). Nevertheless, there was a significant correlation between salivary flow rate and salivary pH of those smokers (r= 0.686, p<0.00,). Conclusion: There is a strong correlation between the intensity of smoking with salivary flow rate and its pH. However, there is no correlation between nicotine levels labeled on cigarettes and both salivary flow rate as well as salivary pH.

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  • Universitas Syiah Kuala
  • University of Indonesia
  • Universitas Sumatera Utara
  • IPB University
  • Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Dharli SyafrizaUniversitas Syiah Kuala2
Ayudia RifkiUniversitas Syiah Kuala2
Cut SorayaUniversitas Syiah Kuala2
Sunnati SunnatiUniversitas Syiah Kuala2
Nurfal ZikriUniversitas Syiah Kuala2
Rina RahadianurUniversitas Syiah Kuala2
Nazaruddin NazaruddinUniversitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau2
Lidya SartikaUniversitas Syiah Kuala2
Rahmat Kurniawan AlamUniversitas Syiah Kuala2
I Wayan Teguh WibawanIPB University1
Boy Muchlis BachtiarUniversity of Indonesia1
Santi ChismirinaUniversitas Syiah Kuala1
Zinatul HayatiUniversitas Syiah Kuala1
Endang Winiati BUniversity of Indonesia1
Siti Aliyah PradonoUniversity of Indonesia1
Sri RezekiUniversitas Syiah Kuala1
Gus Permana SubitaUniversity of Indonesia1
Yeva RosanaUniversity of Indonesia1
S. SunnatiUniversitas Syiah Kuala1
Ridha AndayaniUniversitas Syiah Kuala1
Fitri Yunita BatubaraUniversitas Sumatera Utara1
Ifwandi IfwandiUniversitas Syiah Kuala1
Muhammad Mas'ud HerlambangUniversitas Syiah Kuala1
Shiti Alya FathirahUniversitas Syiah Kuala1
Iceu Estu KurmaenaUniversitas Sumatera Utara1
Cut NurlizaUniversitas Sumatera Utara1
Uswatun HasanahIPB University1
Taufiqi HidayatullahUniversitas Syiah Kuala1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKG/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">The correlation between pH and flow rate of salivary smokers related to nicotine levels labelled on cigarettes</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Saputri, Dewi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Nasution, Abdillah Imron</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Surbakti, Mutiara Rizki Wardarni</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Gani, Basri A.</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">intensity of smoking</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">nicotine levels</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">salivary flow rate</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">salivary pH</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Background: Saliva is a biological fluid in oral cavity that plays a role in maintaining the environmental balance and oral commensal. Nicotine of cigarettes has been reported as a predisposing factor for changing of pH and salivary flow rate, thereby changing in biological salivary components. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the correlation between salivary pH and salivary flow rate in smokers with nicotine levels labeled on cigarettes. Methods: Purposive sampling was conducted involving 40 male smokers. Before participating, they filled a questionnaire related to the history of their smoking habit. Using a spitting method for 5 minutes their saliva was collected. Results: Result of Pearson correlation test showed that there was a significant correlation between smoking intensity and salivary flow rate of those smokers (r = -0.486 and p&amp;lt;0.001). The results also indicated that there was a significant correlation between smoking intensity and salivary pH (r = -0.376 and p&amp;lt;0.017). On the other hand, there was no significant correlation between nicotine levels levels labeled on cigarettes with salivary pH of those smokers (r = -0.107, p&amp;gt;0.512). There was no correlation between nicotine levels labeled on cigarettes and salivary pH of those smokers (r = -0.216, p&amp;gt;0.181). Nevertheless, there was a significant correlation between salivary flow rate and salivary pH of those smokers (r= 0.686, p&amp;lt;0.00,). Conclusion: There is a strong correlation between the intensity of smoking with salivary flow rate and its pH. However, there is no correlation between nicotine levels labeled on cigarettes and both salivary flow rate as well as salivary pH.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2017-06-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKG/article/view/5349</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.20473/j.djmkg.v50.i2.p61-65</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi); Vol. 50 No. 2 (2017): June 2017; 61-65</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2442-9740</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1978-3728</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKG/article/view/5349/4022</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2017 Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi)</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>