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Social determinants and oral health among cement industry workers

Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) · Vol. 58 No. 4 (2025) · hlm. 382–387

DOI
10.20473/j.djmkg.v58.i4.p382-387
ISSN
2442-9740, 1978-3728
Terbit
2025-09-01
Penerbit
Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Background: Cement industry workers are exposed to significant oral health risks due to hazardous conditions, but the role of social determinants in this context is not well understood. Purpose: This study investigates the association between social determinants and oral health among factory and office workers in the cement industry. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at PT. Semen Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia. A stratified random sample of 83 workers was selected. Social determinants were assessed using World Health Organization (WHO) 2013 and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) questionnaires, while oral health was evaluated using decayed, missing, and filled teeth index (DMF-T), community periodontal index (CPI), and inspection. Ten calibrated dentists conducted dental examinations. Multiple linear regression was used for data analysis. Results: Factory workers exhibited higher rates of dental caries (95.83%), periodontal disease (87.50%), abrasion (91.67%), and attrition (87.50%), compared to office workers. Social determinants significantly associated with dental caries in factory workers included age, sugar intake, tooth-brushing frequency, and last dental check-up (r2 = 0.573), while only sugar intake was associated with caries in office workers (r2 = 0.290). For periodontal disease determinants associated with age, psychosocial factors, and smoking (r2 = 0.558) were significant in factory workers, whereas, in office workers, age, sugar intake, tooth-brushing frequency, last dental check-up, and smoking were significantly associated (r2 = 0.870). Age was the only significant determinant of abrasion and attrition in both groups. Conclusion: Social determinants influence oral health among cement industry workers, especially factory workers, due to physiological and psychological changes caused by working conditions. However, office workers also face oral health challenges due to poor oral health behaviors.

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  • State University of Semarang
  • University of Technology Malaysia
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Sri NgabektiState University of Semarang5
Cahyo YuwonoAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Margareta RahayuningsihAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
Tri RustiadiAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
Saiful RidloState University of Semarang3
Al. Supartinah SantosoAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Nana Kariada Tri MartutiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Dyah Rini IndriyantiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Ning SetiatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Tommy SoenyotoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Agus DarmawanAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Ranu Baskora Aji PutraAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Adi SAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Dwi Gansar Santi WijayantiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Mugiyo HartonoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Nasuka NasukaAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Rita Dian PratiwiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Junaedi JunaediAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Nonik RahestiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Endang Sri HananiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Rumini RuminiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Fajar Awang IrawanAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Dyah Rini IndriyantiState University of Semarang1
R. RahmawatiState University of Semarang1
Muji SlametAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Fahrul HuyopUniversity of Technology Malaysia1
Novita WindasariAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Tyas Agung PribadiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Tia PrasetyaningtyasAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
okvita sariAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Nur Rahayu UtamiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Khasan FakhriAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Syarifah Naila HusnaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Akhid DarwiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ratna Dewi PuspitasariAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

Afiliasi berasal dari OpenAlex; metadata OAI-PMH jurnal tidak memuatnya. Penulis tanpa ID OpenAlex dicocokkan berdasarkan nama, sehingga dua orang bisa tergabung atau satu orang bisa terpisah.

Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKG/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Social determinants and oral health among cement industry workers</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Azzahra, R. E. Haura</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Amalia, Rosa</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Widhyharto, Derajad Sulistyo</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Pramono, Dibyo</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Priyono, Bambang</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">cement factory</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">factory workers</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">oral health</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">shift schedule</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">social determinant</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Background: Cement industry workers are exposed to significant oral health risks due to hazardous conditions, but the role of social determinants in this context is not well understood. Purpose: This study investigates the association between social determinants and oral health among factory and office workers in the cement industry. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at PT. Semen Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia. A stratified random sample of 83 workers was selected. Social determinants were assessed using World Health Organization (WHO) 2013 and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) questionnaires, while oral health was evaluated using decayed, missing, and filled teeth index (DMF-T), community periodontal index (CPI), and inspection. Ten calibrated dentists conducted dental examinations. Multiple linear regression was used for data analysis. Results: Factory workers exhibited higher rates of dental caries (95.83%), periodontal disease (87.50%), abrasion (91.67%), and attrition (87.50%), compared to office workers. Social determinants significantly associated with dental caries in factory workers included age, sugar intake, tooth-brushing frequency, and last dental check-up (r2 = 0.573), while only sugar intake was associated with caries in office workers (r2 = 0.290). For periodontal disease determinants associated with age, psychosocial factors, and smoking (r2 = 0.558) were significant in factory workers, whereas, in office workers, age, sugar intake, tooth-brushing frequency, last dental check-up, and smoking were significantly associated (r2 = 0.870). Age was the only significant determinant of abrasion and attrition in both groups. Conclusion: Social determinants influence oral health among cement industry workers, especially factory workers, due to physiological and psychological changes caused by working conditions. However, office workers also face oral health challenges due to poor oral health behaviors.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-09-01</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:format>text/xml</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKG/article/view/60074</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.20473/j.djmkg.v58.i4.p382-387</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi); Vol. 58 No. 4 (2025): December; 382-387</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2442-9740</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1978-3728</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKG/article/view/60074/33912</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKG/article/view/60074/35019</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2025 Dental Journal</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>