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Effect of propolis extract and bovine graft on bone morphogenetic proteins-2 and osterix expression in dental socket healing

Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) · Vol. 59 No. 3 (2026) · hlm. 254–260

DOI
10.20473/j.djmkg.v59.i3.p254-260
ISSN
2442-9740, 1978-3728
Terbit
2026-09-01
Penerbit
Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Background: Socket preservation is essential, as the alveolar bone provides structural support for prosthetic rehabilitation. Flavonoids and caffeic acid phenethyl ester in propolis exert immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, contributing to reduced inflammation in the extraction socket. When combined with a bovine bone graft, propolis may synergistically enhance alveolar bone regeneration and accelerate the healing process. Purpose: This study was undertaken with the aim to examine the potential for the mixture of propolis and bovine-derived xenograft to elevate bone morphogenetic proteins-2 (BMP-2) and osterix (OSX) expression during the preservation of tooth extraction sockets in 56 Cavia cobaya. Methods: The research utilized a laboratory experimental methodology incorporating true experimental design. The research population was divided into eight groups that were administered polyethylene glycol, bovine bone graft, propolis extract, or a mixture of propolis and bovine-derived xenograft. An extraction socket was created in the 56 Cavia cobaya whose lower left incisors were removed before applying polyethylene glycol, bovine bone graft, propolis extract, and a mixture of propolis and bovine bone graft to the resulting cavities, according to the group. The sample was examined by means of BMP-2 and OSX expression from immunohistochemistry staining on days 7 and 30 post-extraction. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) tests were used to analyze the data. Results: Differences existed between the eight research groups. The highest expression of BMP-2 and OSX was detected in the bovine bone graft and propolis extract combination group. A statistically different BMP-2 expression was found between the control and propolis groups and control and combination groups on day 7 and day 30. For OSX, the combination group was statistically significant compared with the control group (p = 0.000), propolis (p = 0.003 on day 7 and p = 0.01 on day 30), and bovine bone graft group (p = 0.000 on day 30). Conclusion: A mixture of propolis extract and bovine bone graft can increase BMP-2 and OSX expression in post-extraction sockets on days 7 and 30.

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  • Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Retno Pudji RahayuAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
Harry LaksonoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Rostiny RostinyAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Sherman SalimAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Mefina KuntjoroAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Eha DjulaehaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Arif RachmanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Waloejo NoegrohoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Adi SubiantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Yurike HadisoesantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Harly PrabowoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
I Ketut SudianaUniversitas Pendidikan Ganesha1
Amiyatun NainiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Mohammad RubiantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Faurier Dzar Eljabbar LatiefAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Louisa Christy LunardhiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Bambang AgustonoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
S. SoekobagionoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Much NizarAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Hanoem Eka HidayatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Teguh Setio Yuli PrabowoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Birgitta Dwitya Swastyayana SubiaktoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Najla SalsabilaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Primanda Nur RahmaniaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Phara Aster Chandra AdventiaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Bima Subiakto RahmaniAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Nobuhiro YodaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Muhammad Dimas Aditya AriAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Valerian LaksonoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Real Akbar Aucky SanjayaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Tasya Regita PramestiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Nadia KartikasariAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Muhammad Rafi Nurfaiz ArifinAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Aurelia Della ImaniAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKG/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
<oai_dc:dc xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/  http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Effect of propolis extract and bovine graft on bone morphogenetic proteins-2 and osterix expression in dental socket healing</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Kresnoadi, Utari</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Azhar, Imam Safari</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Putri, Cindy Ramadhan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Yutassa, Aishley</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Sitalaksmi, Ratri Maya</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Widjaja, Jennifer</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Alveolar bone</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">BMP-2</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Medicine</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">OSX</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Propolis extract</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Background: Socket preservation is essential, as the alveolar bone provides structural support for prosthetic rehabilitation. Flavonoids and caffeic acid phenethyl ester in propolis exert immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, contributing to reduced inflammation in the extraction socket. When combined with a bovine bone graft, propolis may synergistically enhance alveolar bone regeneration and accelerate the healing process. Purpose: This study was undertaken with the aim to examine the potential for the mixture of propolis and bovine-derived xenograft to elevate bone morphogenetic proteins-2 (BMP-2) and osterix (OSX) expression during the preservation of tooth extraction sockets in 56 Cavia cobaya. Methods: The research utilized a laboratory experimental methodology incorporating true experimental design. The research population was divided into eight groups that were administered polyethylene glycol, bovine bone graft, propolis extract, or a mixture of propolis and bovine-derived xenograft. An extraction socket was created in the 56 Cavia cobaya whose lower left incisors were removed before applying polyethylene glycol, bovine bone graft, propolis extract, and a mixture of propolis and bovine bone graft to the resulting cavities, according to the group. The sample was examined by means of BMP-2 and OSX expression from immunohistochemistry staining on days 7 and 30 post-extraction. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) tests were used to analyze the data. Results: Differences existed between the eight research groups. The highest expression of BMP-2 and OSX was detected in the bovine bone graft and propolis extract combination group. A statistically different BMP-2 expression was found between the control and propolis groups and control and combination groups on day 7 and day 30. For OSX, the combination group was statistically significant compared with the control group (p = 0.000), propolis (p = 0.003 on day 7 and p = 0.01 on day 30), and bovine bone graft group (p = 0.000 on day 30). Conclusion: A mixture of propolis extract and bovine bone graft can increase BMP-2 and OSX expression in post-extraction sockets on days 7 and 30.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-09-01</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:format>text/xml</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKG/article/view/72314</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.20473/j.djmkg.v59.i3.p254-260</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi); Vol. 59 No. 3 (2026): September; 254-260</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2442-9740</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1978-3728</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKG/article/view/72314/40329</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKG/article/view/72314/40398</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2026 Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>