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Recognition of Toraja Carving Motifs Using Texture Features with GLCM

IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems) · Vol. 19 No. 4 (2025) · pp. 395–404

DOI
10.22146/ijccs.111590
ISSN
2460-7258, 1978-1520
Published
2025-10-31
Publisher
IndoCEISS in colaboration with Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstract

Indonesia comprises a diverse array of ethnic groups and cultures. Each ethnic group has unique carving motifs rich in philosophical meaning. Toraja motifs are among the most distinctive in the world. These motifs are often found in traditional houses, textiles, and architectural ornaments. However, people's understanding of the symbolic value of these carvings remains limited, thereby risking cultural erosion. This study aims to recognize Toraja carving motifs using digital image processing, specifically through the extraction of Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) texture features, which include contrast, correlation, energy, and homogeneity at 0° orientation. The Toraja carving dataset was processed through preprocessing, feature extraction, and thresholding-based classification stages. This study contributes to the combination of GLCM and thresholding that can improve accuracy while providing a computationally efficient solution for traditional motif pattern recognition. Experimental results show that thresholds of 0.002 and 0.004 produce recognition accuracies of 100% and 82%, respectively.

Keywords

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3 authors · 3 co-authorship links

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  • Universitas Budi Luhur
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Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijccs/oai, first harvested 26 Okt 2026, last seen 26 Okt 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Recognition of Toraja Carving Motifs Using Texture Features with GLCM</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Imelda, Imelda</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Utama, Gunawan Pria</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Cahyana, Asep</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Computer Science; Digital Image Processing</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">GLCM; threshold; digital image processing; Toraja; carving</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Indonesia comprises a diverse array of ethnic groups and cultures. Each ethnic group has unique carving motifs rich in philosophical meaning. Toraja motifs are among the most distinctive in the world. These motifs are often found in traditional houses, textiles, and architectural ornaments. However, people's understanding of the symbolic value of these carvings remains limited, thereby risking cultural erosion. This study aims to recognize Toraja carving motifs using digital image processing, specifically through the extraction of Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) texture features, which include contrast, correlation, energy, and homogeneity at 0° orientation. The Toraja carving dataset was processed through preprocessing, feature extraction, and thresholding-based classification stages. This study contributes to the combination of GLCM and thresholding that can improve accuracy while providing a computationally efficient solution for traditional motif pattern recognition. Experimental results show that thresholds of 0.002 and 0.004 produce recognition accuracies of 100% and 82%, respectively.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">IndoCEISS in colaboration with Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.</dc:publisher>
	<dc:contributor xml:lang="en-US">Yayasan Budi Luhur Cakti</dc:contributor>
	<dc:contributor xml:lang="en-US">Budi Luhur University</dc:contributor>
	<dc:date>2025-10-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
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	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijccs/article/view/111590</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.22146/ijccs.111590</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems); Vol 19, No 4 (2025): October; 395-404</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2460-7258</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1978-1520</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.ugm.ac.id/ijccs/article/view/111590/42788</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2025 IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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