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Panic-Buying Behavior During The Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia: A Social Cognitive Theoretical Model

Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business (GamaIJB) · Vol. 24 No. 1 (2022) · pp. 25–55

DOI
10.22146/gamaijb.64578
ISSN
2338-7238, 1411-1128
Published
2022-01-12
Publisher
Master in Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Language
eng
License
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstract

Currently, there are limited studies on the application of the social cognitive theory in social psychology, particularly in explaining and predicting panic-buying behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This study is primarily aimed at acknowledging the role of the social cognitive theory’s development in explaining and predicting the panic-buying behavior of Indonesian citizens during the COVID-19 pandemic. The development of the theory is attained by combining emotions and subjective norms to predict the panic-buying behavior intention in Indonesia. Using a purposive sampling technique, the sample size consists of 350 respondents from various areas, such as Jakarta, Tangerang, and Banten. An online survey was performed as the data collection method. Social desirabilit response (SDR) test was also conducted by this study to guarantee the naturality of the replies from the respondents. Data were then analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) with a two-stage approach. The result demonstrated that emotions have the highest impact on the panic-buying behavioral intention. Further, subjective norms, self-efficacy, and social outcome expectancies have the second, third, and fourth highest impacts on panic-buying behavior, respectively. In general, the social cognitive theory model developed in this study can understand, explain, and predict panic-buying behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in Indonesia. Overall, the results of this study may serve as basic information for practitioners and business persons by providing insights regarding the factors that form consumers’ intentions and behavior during the pandemic, relating to their buying decisions.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

6 authors · 9 co-authorship links · 5 across different organisations

Hover or tap a name to highlight its co-authors. Double-click to open the author's page.

  • Indonesia Open University
  • State University of Makassar
  • Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Republic of Indonesia
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Tri Astuti WisudayatiAffiliation unknown1
, Dian Charity HidayatAffiliation unknown1

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.ugm.ac.id/gamaijb/oai, first harvested 28 Okt 2026, last seen 1 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Panic-Buying Behavior During The Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia:  A Social Cognitive Theoretical Model</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Patiro, Shine Pintor Siolemba</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Budiyanti, Hety</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Hendarto, Kresno Agus</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Hendrian, Hendrian</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Business; Management; Marketing</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">COVID-19, emotions, panic buying behavior, social cognition theory, subjective norms</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">M30</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Currently, there are limited studies on the application of the social cognitive theory in social psychology, particularly in explaining and predicting panic-buying behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia.  This study is primarily aimed at acknowledging the role of the social cognitive theory’s development in explaining and predicting the panic-buying behavior of Indonesian citizens during the COVID-19 pandemic. The development of the theory is attained by combining emotions and subjective norms to predict the panic-buying behavior intention in Indonesia. Using a purposive sampling technique, the sample size consists of 350 respondents from various areas, such as Jakarta, Tangerang, and Banten. An online survey was performed as the data collection method. Social desirabilit response (SDR) test was also conducted by this study to guarantee the naturality of the replies from the respondents. Data were then analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) with a two-stage approach. The result demonstrated that emotions have the highest impact on the panic-buying behavioral intention. Further, subjective norms, self-efficacy, and social outcome expectancies have the second, third, and fourth highest impacts on panic-buying behavior, respectively. In general, the social cognitive theory model developed in this study can understand, explain, and predict panic-buying behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in Indonesia. Overall, the results of this study may serve as basic information for practitioners and business persons by providing insights regarding the factors that form consumers’ intentions and behavior during the pandemic, relating to their buying decisions.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Master in Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada</dc:publisher>
	<dc:contributor xml:lang="en-US"></dc:contributor>
	<dc:date>2022-01-12</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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	<dc:type xml:lang="en-US">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.ugm.ac.id/gamaijb/article/view/64578</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.22146/gamaijb.64578</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business; Vol 24, No 1 (2022): January-April; 25-55</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2338-7238</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1411-1128</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.ugm.ac.id/gamaijb/article/view/64578/32168</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2022 Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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